{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "toc-hr-collapsed": false }, "source": [ "# Jupyterlab 的安装与配置" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 下载并安装 Anaconda" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "[Anaconda](https://www.anaconda.com) 是目前最方便的 Python 发行版，搭载了很多我们终将必用的软件包，除了 Python 之外，还有 [R 语言](https://www.r-project.org/)，还包括 [Pandoc](https://pandoc.org/)，[NumPy](http://www.numpy.org/)，[SciPy](https://www.scipy.org/)，[Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/)…… 等等。\n", "\n", "无论是图形化界面安装，还是命令行界面安装，建议都把 Anaconda 安装在本地用户目录内，`~/`。请下载并安装 Python 3.x 的版本。\n", "\n", "图形化界面安装的教程，官方的很详细，各个操作平台的说明都有：\n", "\n", "> https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/\n", "\n", "在 MacOS 的 Terminal 命令行下，可以直接下载并安装：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "cd ~/Downloads/\n", "wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2018.12-MacOSX-x86_64.sh\n", "chmod +x Anaconda3-2018.12-MacOSX-x86_64.sh\n", "./Anaconda3-2018.12-MacOSX-x86_64.sh\n", "```\n", "\n", "安装到最后一步，会问你是否要安装微软出品的 [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com)，选择 `yes` —— 反正以后你的电脑上会不止一个文本编辑器…… 以后你可能还会安装的文本编辑器包括 [SublimeText](https://www.sublimetext.com), [Atom](https://atom.io) 等等。\n", "\n", "安装完毕之后，打开 Terminal(Windows 系统需要打开之前安装的 Anaconda Prompt 输入），继续安装几个组件：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "conda update conda\n", "conda update anaconda\n", "conda install -c conda-forge nodejs\n", "conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab # 这是用来升级 jupyter lab 到最新版的方法\n", "\n", "```\n", "\n", "安装完毕之后，可以看看各个你将要用到的可执行命令都在什么地方，用 `which` 命令（windows下用 `where` 命令）：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "which python\n", "python --version\n", "which node\n", "node -v\n", "which jupyter\n", "jupyter lab --version\n", "jupyter notebook --version\n", "which pip\n", "pip --version\n", "```\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 第一次启动 Jupyter lab" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "打开 Terminal，`cd` 到你想打开 Jupyter lab 的目录（就是你保存 `ipynb` 文件的地方，以便在 Jupyter lab 中打开、浏览、编辑 `ipynb` 文件），在这里以用户根目录为例 `~/`：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "cd ~\n", "jupyter lab\n", "```\n", "此时的 Terminal 窗口不能关闭，否则 Jupyter lab 就停止运行了 —— 就将它放在那里。\n", "\n", "随后会有个浏览器打开，指向 [http://localhost:8888/lab?](http://localhost:8888/lab?) —— 你就看到 Jupyter lab 的操作界面了。\n", "\n", "目前，Jupyter lab 和 Jupyter notebook 是并存的，虽然前者是后者的下一步替代者。如果你依然习惯于使用 Jupyter notebook，那么，在浏览器中指向 [http://localhost:8888/tree?](http://localhost:8888/tree?) 看到的就是 Jupyter notebook." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 配置 Jupyter lab" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "打开 Terminal，输入以下命令：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "jupyter lab --generate-config\n", "```\n", "\n", "这会在 `~/.jupyter/` 目录下生成一个 `jupyter_notebook_config.py` 文件。\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "cd ~/.jupyter\n", "code jupyter_notebook_config.py\n", "```\n", "上面的 code 命令，需要你已经安装 Visual Studio Code，并且在已经在其中设置了 `Install 'code' command in PATH`。参见附录 [Visual Studio Code 的安装与配置](T-appendix.editor.vscode.ipynb)\n", "\n", "事实上，你可以用你喜欢的任何编辑器打开 `~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py` 文件。\n", "\n", "文件内容很长，有空可以仔细看。可以直接将以下内容拷贝粘贴到文件底部，根据需求修改：\n", "\n", "```json\n", "#c.NotebookApp.token = ''\n", "#c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False\n", "#c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = '~/'\n", "#c.NotebookApp.default_url = '/tree'\n", "```\n", "\n", "逐条解释一下：\n", "\n", "> `c.NotebookApp.token = ''`\n", "\n", "每次打开 jupyter，它都会给你生成一个新的 Token —— 这是安全策略。但是，如果你只是在自己的电脑上使用，那么，这就给你制造了麻烦，因为若是你想同时用另外一个浏览器打开它，那你就需要从 Terminal 里拷贝那个 Token 出来。所以，你可以在配置文件里直接把它设置为空。\n", "\n", "> `c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False`\n", "\n", "每次你执行 `jupyter lab` 或者 `jupyter notebook` 命令的时候，它都会使用系统默认浏览器。\n", "\n", "每个人的习惯不一样。比如我，会想到用一个平时不怎么用的浏览器专门用在 Jupyter 上，这样会防止自己在关闭其它网页的时候不小心把 Jupyter 关掉…… 那我就会把这项设定为 `False`。\n", "\n", "> `c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = '~/'`\n", "\n", "在 Terminal 中执行 `jupyter` 命令的时候，它默认是在你当前所在的工作目录打开 `jupyter`，这同样是出于安全考虑。但是，如果你只是在自己的电脑上使用，且只有自己在使用，那么莫不如直接把它设置成 `~/`，即，你的用户根目录，这样会很方便地访问各种地方的文件……\n", "\n", "> `c.NotebookApp.default_url = '/tree'`\n", "\n", "这一项留给那些依然习惯于使用 jupyter notebook 的人，这样设置之后，即便是输入 `jupyter lab` 命令，打开的还是 jupyter notebook。\n", "\n", "在 Terminal 里常用的与 Jupyter 有关的命令有：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "jupyter lab\n", "jupyter lab --version\n", "conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab # 这是用来升级 jupyter lab 到最新版的方法\n", "jupyter notebook list # 查看正在运行的 jupyter lab/notebook\n", "jupyter notebook stop # 停止 jupyter lab/notebook 服务\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 将 Jupyter lab 配置成系统服务" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "如果，你厌烦每次都要跑到 Terminal 里启动 Jupyter lab，可以把它配置成系统服务，每次开机启动它就自动运行。而你需要做的只不过是直接从浏览器中访问 [http://localhost:8888/](http://localhost:8888/)。\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "code ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jupyter.lab.plist\n", "```\n", "\n", "这条命令会让 Visual Studio Code 创建 `~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jupyter.lab.plist` 文件并打开。\n", "\n", "在其中拷贝粘贴以下内容，注意，要把其中的 `your_username` 修改为你的用户名：\n", "\n", "``` xml\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\tLabel\n", "\tlocal.job\n", "\tProgramArguments\n", "\t\n", "\t\t/Users/your_username/anaconda3/bin/jupyter\n", "\t\tlab\n", "\t\t--no-browser\n", "\t\t--notebook-dir=/Users/your_username/\n", "\t\n", "\tRunAtLoad\n", "\t\n", "\tStandardErrorPath\n", "\t/tmp/local.job.err\n", "\tStandardOutPath\n", "\t/tmp/local.job.out\n", "\n", "\n", "```\n", "如果之前在 `jupyter_notebook_config.py` 文件里已经设置过\n", "\n", "```json\n", "c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False\n", "c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = '~/'\n", "```\n", "那么这两行就可以不要了：\n", "\n", "```xml\n", "\t\t--no-browser\n", "\t\t--notebook-dir=/Users/your_username/\n", "```\n", "\n", "\n", "而后在 Terminal 里执行：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jupyter.lab.plist\n", "```\n", "\n", "如果你想重新启动这个服务，那么执行：\n", "\n", "```bash\n", "launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jupyter.lab.plist\n", "launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jupyter.lab.plist\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 关于 Jupyter lab themes" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "对中文用户来说，Jupyter 的默认字号有点过小，阅读起来不是很舒适。但最佳的方案不是去寻找合适的 themes，而是直接使用支持 [Stylus](https://github.com/openstyles/stylus) 这类终端 CSS 定制插件的浏览器，Chrome/Firefox/Opera 都支持 Stylus 插件。\n", "\n", "我用的 Stylus 定制 CSS 是这样的：\n", "\n", "```css\n", "a {color: #2456A4 !important;}\n", "strong {color:#6392BF;}\n", "em {color: #A9312A; font-style: normal !important;}\n", "table {font-size: 90% !important;}\n", "\n", "#jp-main-dock-panel {background-color: #f9f9f9;}\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon {font-family: \"Yuanti SC\"; font-size: 100%;}\n", ".jp-Notebook {background-color: #fbfafa;}\n", ".CodeMirror, .jp-RenderedHTMLCommon pre {font-size: 90%;}\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon pre {\n", " padding: 10px 25px;\n", " background-color: #fafafa;\n", " border-left: 4px solid #dadada;\n", " border-radius: 10px;\n", "}\n", "\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon pre code {\n", " background-color: #fafafa;\n", "}\n", "\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon h1 code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon h2 code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon h3 code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon h4 code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon p code, \n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon li code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon blockquote p code, \n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon blockquote li code,\n", ".jp-RenderedHTMLCommon td code {\n", " background-color: #f6f6f6;\n", " font-size: 90%;\n", " color:#2e2e2e;\n", " padding: 4px 4px;\n", " margin: 0 8px;\n", " box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n", " border-radius: 4px;\n", "}\n", "```\n", "\n", "这样就相当于我把 JupyterLab Light 这个 Theme 稍微 Tweak 了一下。\n", "\n", "另，我写的内容里，为了重点突出，特别定制了 `strong` 和 `em` 两个元素的显示，让它们以不同的颜色展示；又因为中文并不适合斜体展示，所以，把 `em` 的 `font-style` 设定为 `normal`……" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 安装插件" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Jupyter notebook 经过很多年的发展，现在有很多扩展插件，但也有其中一些并不兼容最新的 Jupyter lab。不过，刚开始的时候用不着那么多插件，你只用其中的两个就足够开始了：\n", "\n", "> * [@jupyterlab/toc](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab-toc)\n", "> * [ryantam626/jupyterlab_sublime](https://github.com/ryantam626/jupyterlab_sublime)\n", "\n", "首先在用快捷键 `⌘ ,` 打开 jupyter lab 的 Advanced Settings，在 Extension Manager 中，添加 User Overrides：\n", "\n", "```json\n", "{\n", " \"enabled\": true\n", "}\n", "```\n", "\n", "> **注**：JupyterLab 3.x / 4.x 的 Extension Manager 已支持在 Settings 界面中直接勾选启用，不再需要手动添加上面这段 JSON 配置。\n", "\n", "而后在 Terminal 执行以下命令安装插件：\n", "\n", "```bash \n", "jupyter labextension install @jupyterlab/toc\n", "jupyter labextension install @ryantam626/jupyterlab_sublime\n", "jupyter lab build\n", "```\n", "\n", "toc 插件，自动将 ipynb 文件中的标题转换成目录。\n", "\n", "![](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab-toc/raw/master/toc.gif)\n", "\n", "当在 Mac OS环境下使用`jupyter labextension install @jupyterlab/toc`命令安装 toc 插件时，可能会出现下面的错误：\n", "```bash\n", "jupyter labextension install @jupyterlab/toc\n", "An error occured.\n", "ValueError: Please install nodejs >=12.0.0 before continuing. nodejs may be installed using conda or directly from the nodejs website.\n", "See the log file for details: /var/folders/sp/06qflh5d5vlc95zgww49ntpc0000gn/T/jupyterlab-debug-dpz_hyyz.log\n", "```\n", "出现错误提示时，需要使用下面的命令，来安装相对高版本的 nodejs :\n", "```bash\n", "conda install nodejs -c conda-forge --repodata-fn=repodata.json\n", "```\n", "在成功安装高版本的 nodejs 之后 ，需要重新安装 toc 插件：\n", "```bash\n", "jupyter labextension install @jupyterlab/toc\n", "```\n", "\n", "jupyterlab_sublime 则可以让你在 Jupyter lab 的 cell 中，使用跟 SublimeText 一样的快捷键，比如 `⌘ D` 能够多选其它与当前选中内容一样的内容；比如 `⌘` 加鼠标点击，可以生成多个可编辑点……\n", "\n", "![](http://blog.rtwilson.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IPyNbSublime.gif)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 常用快捷键" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "以下是 MacOS 下 Jupyter lab 最常用的快捷键。快捷键在两种模式下执行，进入编辑模式用 `⏎`，回到命令模式用 `⎋`（ESC）。\n", "\n", "另外，代码编辑过程中需要安装 Jupyterlab 插件 [@ryantam626/jupyterlab_sublime](https://github.com/ryantam626/jupyterlab_sublime) 之后才能使用 “多行同时编辑功能”。\n", "\n", "\n", "| 快捷键 | 说明 | 模式 |\n", "| --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------ |\n", "| `ESC` | 从编辑模式回到命令模式 | 命令 |\n", "| `A` | 在当前 Cell 之前插入一个 Cell | |\n", "| `B` | 在当前 Cell 之后插入一个 Cell | |\n", "| `D`, `D` | 连续按两次 `d` 键，删除当前 Cell | |\n", "| `Y` | 将当前 Cell 设置为 Code Cell | |\n", "| `M` | 将当前 Cell 设置为 Markdown Cell | |\n", "| `^ ⇧ - ` | 将当前 Cell 拆分为两个 | 编辑 |\n", "| `⇧ M` | 合并选中的 Cells | |\n", "| `⇧ J` or `⇧ ↓` | 连续向下选中 Cells | |\n", "| `⇧ K` or `⇧ ↑` | 连续向上选中 Cells | |\n", "| `⇧ ⏎` or `^ ⏎` | 运行当前 Cell 中的代码 | |\n", "| `⇧ L` | 显示/隐藏代码行号 | |\n", "| `⏎` | 当前 Cell 进入编辑模式 | 编辑 |\n", "| `⇥` | 自动补全代码 | |\n", "| `⇧ ⇥` | 呼出当前光标下词汇的 Docstring | |\n", "| `⌘ D` | Sublime Keymap: 选中下一个相同字符串 | |\n", "| `⇧ ⌘ L` | Sublime Keymap: 在选中的行内启动多行同时编辑 | |\n", "| `⌘ + Mouse Click` | 生成下一个可同时编辑的光标点 | |" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 增加一些必要的快捷键" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "在 Settings > Keyboard Shortcuts 中，可以设定一些常用但系统并未给出的快捷键：\n", "\n", "```json\n", "{\n", "\t\"notebook:move-cells-down-down\": {\n", "\t\t\"command\": \"notebook:move-cell-down\",\n", "\t\t\"keys\": [\n", "\t\t\"Alt J\"\n", "\t\t],\n", "\t\t\"selector\": \".jp-Notebook:focus\",\n", "\t\t\"title\": \"Move Cells Down\",\n", "\t\t\"category\": \"Notebook Cell Operations\"\n", "\t},\n", "\t\"notebook:move-cells-down-up\": {\n", "\t\t\"command\": \"notebook:move-cell-up\",\n", "\t\t\"keys\": [\n", "\t\t\"Alt K\"\n", "\t\t],\n", "\t\t\"selector\": \".jp-Notebook:focus\",\n", "\t\t\"title\": \"Move Cells Down\",\n", "\t\t\"category\": \"Notebook Cell Operations\"\n", "\t},\n", "\t\"notebook:enable-output-scrolling\": {\n", "\t\t\"command\": \"notebook:enable-output-scrolling\",\n", "\t\t\"keys\": [\n", "\t\t\"S\"\n", "\t\t],\n", "\t\t\"selector\": \".jp-Notebook:focus\",\n", "\t\t\"title\": \"Enable output scrolling\",\n", "\t\t\"category\": \"Notebook Cell Operations\"\n", "\t},\n", "\t\"notebook:disable-output-scrolling\": {\n", "\t\t\"command\": \"notebook:disable-output-scrolling\",\n", "\t\t\"keys\": [\n", "\t\t\"Alt S\"\n", "\t\t],\n", "\t\t\"selector\": \".jp-Notebook:focus\",\n", "\t\t\"title\": \"Enable output scrolling\",\n", "\t\t\"category\": \"Notebook Cell Operations\"\n", "\t}\n", "}\n", "```\n", "这样就添加了 4 个快捷键：\n", "> * `⌥ J`: Move selected cells down\n", "> * `⌥ K`: Move selected cells up\n", "> * `S`: Enable output scrolling\n", "> * `⌥ S`: Disable output scrolling\n", "\n", "比如 Move Selected cells up：\n", "\n", "![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/86304/37438938-b5bc4994-27b2-11e8-8f58-184a58b33ba4.gif)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 输出所有变量内容" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "默认情况下，Code Cell 只输出最后一个可以被 evaluate 的值，用 `_` 代表之前刚刚被 evaluate 的值。" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 3]" ] }, "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "[1, 2, 3]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 3]" ] }, "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "_ # 执行完上面的 Cell，试试这个 Cell; 而后执行完下面的 Cell 之后再重新执行一次当前这个 Cell" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "{1, 2, 3}" ] }, "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "(1, 2, 3)\n", "{1, 2, 3}" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "于是，为了显示最近 evaluate 的多个值，我们总是不得不使用很多的 `print()`……\n", "\n", "如果觉得这事比较烦的话，可以在 Cell 最上面写上：\n", "\n", "```python\n", "from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell\n", "InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = \"all\"\n", "```\n", "\n", "如果还想更省事一点，就把这个设置写入配置文件：\n", "\n", "```python\n", "c.InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = \"all\"\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(1, 2, 3)" ] }, "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" }, { "data": { "text/plain": [ "{1, 2, 3}" ] }, "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell\n", "InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = \"all\"\n", "\n", "(1, 2, 3)\n", "{1, 2, 3}" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 魔法函数" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "在 Code Cell 里，可以运行一些 “魔法函数”（Magic Functions），这是秉承了 IPython 的特性。绝大多数在 IPython 里能够使用的魔法函数在 Jupyterlab 里都可以直接使用。完整的 IPython 魔法函数请参照：\n", "\n", "> https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html\n", "\n", "Jupyterlab 里较为常用的魔法函数整理如下：\n", "\n", "| 魔法函数 | 说明 |\n", "| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |\n", "| `%lsmagic` | 列出所有可被使用的 Jupyter lab 魔法函数 |\n", "| `%run` | 在 Cell 中运行 `.py` 文件：`%run file_name` |\n", "| `%who` | 列出所有当前 Global Scope 中的变量；类似的还有：`%who df`，`%whos` |\n", "| `%env` | 列出当前的环境变量 |\n", "| `%load` | 将其他文件内容导入 Cell，`%load source`，`source` 可以是文件名，也可以是 URL。|\n", "| `%time` | 返回 Cell 内代码执行的时间，相关的还有 `%timeit` |\n", "| `%writefile` | 把 Cell 的内容写入文件，`%write file_name`；%write -a file_name，`-a` 是追加 |\n", "| `%matplotlib inline` | 行内展示 matplotlib 的结果 |\n", "| `%%bash` | 运行随后的 shell 命令，比如 %%bash ls；与之类似的还有 `%%HTML`，`%%python2`，`%%python3`，`%%ruby`，`%%perl`…… |" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "toc-hr-collapsed": true }, "source": [ "## 桌面版 Jupyter App" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Nteract" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "支持各个操作系统，很好看、很好用。有一个小缺点是，不支持 `input()` 函数的调用。\n", "\n", "> https://nteract.io/desktop\n", "\n", "![https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/836375/18421299/d95ad398-783b-11e6-8b23-d54cf7caad1e.png](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/836375/18421299/d95ad398-783b-11e6-8b23-d54cf7caad1e.png)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "toc-hr-collapsed": true }, "source": [ "### Pineapple" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "只支持 MacOS，也很好用 —— 缺点就是很难看……\n", "\n", "> https://nwhitehead.github.io/pineapple/\n", "\n", "![https://nwhitehead.github.io/pineapple/images/sshots.png](https://nwhitehead.github.io/pineapple/images/sshots.png)" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.7.1" }, "toc-autonumbering": true }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }