[
  {
    "slug": "haber-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "合成氨工业",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "怎样把空气里的氮又快、又多、又省地变成氨？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第二章 化学反应速率与化学平衡 · 第四节 化学反应的调控",
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第二节 氮及其化合物"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "为什么建厂",
      "为什么净化",
      "为什么加压",
      "为什么高温",
      "塔内什么样",
      "为什么要循环",
      "考核 · 当班长"
    ],
    "file": "courses/haber-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/haber-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/haber-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "river-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "河流地貌的发育",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "长江镇江段的岸线为什么持续向北推移？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第二章 地表形态的塑造 · 第三节 河流地貌的发育"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识沙盘",
      "山区V形谷",
      "河谷剖面",
      "冲积扇",
      "凹岸凸岸",
      "河漫滩",
      "三角洲",
      "考核：汛期来了"
    ],
    "file": "courses/river-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/river-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/river-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "rate-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "化学反应速率的影响因素",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同样两个反应，为什么有的几秒就完、有的等半天？快慢到底由什么决定？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第六章 化学反应与能量 · 实验活动7 化学反应速率的影响因素",
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第二章 化学反应速率与化学平衡 · 第一节 化学反应速率"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验台",
      "浓度",
      "温度",
      "催化剂",
      "定量测速率",
      "看进去",
      "误差与错误操作",
      "考核 · 当实验员"
    ],
    "file": "courses/rate-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/rate-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/rate-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "insolation-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "太阳直射点的回归运动与四季、五带",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "学校所在地的正午太阳高度和正午太阳方向，一年里为什么有规律地变化？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第一章 地球的运动 · 第二节 地球运动的地理意义 · 太阳直射点的回归运动 · 四季和五带"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "黄赤交角",
      "回归运动",
      "正午高度",
      "纬度分布",
      "年内变化",
      "正午方向",
      "四季",
      "五带",
      "考核 · 点带"
    ],
    "file": "courses/insolation-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/insolation-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/insolation-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "ball-stick-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "搭建球棍模型认识有机化合物分子结构",
    "type": "原理与现象模拟",
    "question": "分子画在纸上是平的，真实的三维形状到底是什么样？搭一座球棍模型能看出什么？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第七章 有机化合物 · 实验活动8 搭建球棍模型认识有机化合物分子结构"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "零件盒",
      "甲烷",
      "二氯甲烷",
      "单键能转",
      "碳链",
      "同分异构",
      "乙烯与乙炔",
      "苯",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/ball-stick-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/ball-stick-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/ball-stick-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "titration-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "强酸与强碱的中和滴定",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "前面加了 20 多毫升几乎看不出变化，为什么最后半滴颜色就全变了？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第三章 水溶液中的离子反应与平衡 · 第二节 水的电离和溶液的pH · 酸碱中和滴定 · 实验活动2"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识滴定装置",
      "润洗与赶气泡",
      "取液与加指示剂",
      "逐滴加入",
      "半滴到终点",
      "读数与计算",
      "看进去",
      "误差与错误操作",
      "考核 · 当滴定员"
    ],
    "file": "courses/titration-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/titration-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/titration-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "chlorine-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "氯气的制备及性质",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "要一瓶干燥、纯净的氯气，装置里每一段各管什么？少一段会怎样？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 海水中的重要元素——钠和氯 · 第二节 氯及其化合物"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识装置",
      "为什么加热",
      "为什么要浓盐酸",
      "第一瓶洗什么",
      "第二瓶洗什么",
      "怎么收集",
      "多余的氯气去哪",
      "氯水里有什么",
      "考核 · 当实验员"
    ],
    "file": "courses/chlorine-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/chlorine-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/chlorine-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "blast-furnace-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "高炉炼铁",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "一堆矿石从炉顶倒下去，怎么几小时后就变成一股铁水，还越省越好？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第八章 化学与可持续发展 · 第一节 自然资源的开发利用 · 金属矿物的开发利用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "矿石变铁",
      "分层布料",
      "剖开看层",
      "风口烧焦",
      "逐级还原",
      "石灰石造渣",
      "风温的账",
      "值班考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/blast-furnace-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/blast-furnace-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/blast-furnace-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "smelting-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "金属冶炼：电解熔融盐 + 铝热",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "为什么铝只能靠电「拆」出来，而铁能被铝「换」出来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第八章 化学与可持续发展 · 第一节 自然资源的开发利用 · 金属矿物的开发利用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "三处台子",
      "只能电解",
      "剖开槽",
      "谁往哪走",
      "掺冰晶石",
      "电耗的账",
      "铝热",
      "值班考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/smelting-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/smelting-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/smelting-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "currents-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "世界洋流的分布规律与影响",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "数万只玩具鸭散落海面，为什么会漂到世界各地的海岸？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第四章 水的运动 · 第二节 洋流",
      "必修第一册 · 第三章 地球上的水 · 第三节 海水的运动"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "风推水走",
      "中低纬成圈",
      "中高纬反着转",
      "寒暖流",
      "不绕圈会倒转",
      "海水性质",
      "气候影响",
      "渔场",
      "考核 · 四站"
    ],
    "file": "courses/currents-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/currents-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/currents-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "enso-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "海—气相互作用与厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "秘鲁沿海常年干旱，为什么 2016 年底海水一暖，就下起了暴雨、还死了近百人？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第四章 水的运动 · 第三节 海—气相互作用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "交换",
      "差",
      "环流",
      "厄尔尼诺",
      "越线",
      "拉尼娜",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/enso-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/enso-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/enso-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "coal-gas-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "煤的综合利用：以煤的气化为主线",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "煤只能烧吗？怎么把煤变成能造化肥、造甲醇的气？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第八章 化学与可持续发展 · 第一节 自然资源的开发利用 · 煤的综合利用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "为什么气化",
      "供热还是供气",
      "炉子里长什么样",
      "蒸汽多好还是少好",
      "变换调比例",
      "为什么要脱硫",
      "变成什么",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/coal-gas-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/coal-gas-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/coal-gas-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "sulfuric-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "接触法制硫酸",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "怎样把矿石里的硫，又快、又多、又省、又干净地变成硫酸？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第一节 硫及其化合物 · 工业制硫酸"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "为什么分五段",
      "为什么先净化",
      "为什么这个温度",
      "为什么要常压",
      "塔内什么样",
      "为什么用浓硫酸",
      "考核 · 当班长"
    ],
    "file": "courses/sulfuric-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/sulfuric-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/sulfuric-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "hydrolysis-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "盐类的水解及其应用",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "盐电离出来的离子看上去「既不酸也不碱」，凭什么能让溶液显出酸碱性？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第三章 水溶液中的离子反应与平衡 · 第三节 盐类的水解 · 实验活动3 盐类水解的应用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验",
      "盐的类型",
      "看进去",
      "浓度",
      "温度",
      "加酸抑制",
      "净水",
      "煮沸与蒸干",
      "考核 · 配溶液"
    ],
    "file": "courses/hydrolysis-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/hydrolysis-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/hydrolysis-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "heating-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "大气受热过程",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "太阳晒了一整天的地面，为什么白天先热起来，夜里又凉得那么快——大气到底替地面留住了多少热？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 地球上的大气 · 第二节 大气受热过程和大气运动 · 大气受热过程"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "削弱",
      "地面吸收",
      "长波",
      "截留",
      "逆辐射",
      "云",
      "温室气体",
      "月球对照",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/heating-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/heating-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/heating-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "karst-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "喀斯特地貌的形成与识别",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "徐霞客写的「峭峰离立，分行竞颖」——这些像从地里长出来的尖峰，是怎么一块岩层变出来的？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第四章 地貌 · 第一节 常见地貌类型 · 喀斯特地貌"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "溶",
      "沟→洼",
      "峰丛→峰林",
      "孤峰→残丘",
      "快慢",
      "洞",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/karst-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/karst-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/karst-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "cement-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "工业制水泥",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "一车石头和土，凭什么磨一磨、烧一烧、再磨一磨，就变成能撑起大坝的水泥？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第三节 无机非金属材料"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "看全厂",
      "备生料",
      "预热分解",
      "窑里走",
      "烧成带",
      "急冷",
      "加石膏",
      "值班考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/cement-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/cement-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/cement-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "carbon-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "全球气候变化与国家安全",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "马尔代夫为什么要把内阁会议开到 6 米深的海底去？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修3 资源、环境与国家安全 · 第三章 环境安全与国家安全 · 第四节 全球气候变化与国家安全"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "碳循环",
      "两条输入",
      "排放去向",
      "保温增强",
      "越线",
      "国家",
      "应对",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/carbon-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/carbon-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/carbon-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "tectonic-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "构造地貌的形成",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "青藏高原上为什么会找到阔叶树的叶子化石 —— 什么力量把地表抬起来、又把它切开？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第二章 地表形态的塑造 · 第二节 构造地貌的形成"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "弯",
      "分",
      "倒置",
      "错开",
      "升降",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/tectonic-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/tectonic-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/tectonic-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "photoelectric-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "光电效应",
    "type": "原理与实验",
    "question": "同一束光，为什么换成另一种金属就一个电子都打不出来？光电子的能量到底由光的什么决定？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修第三册 · 第四章 原子结构和波粒二象性 · 第二节 光电效应"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识电路",
      "加到饱和",
      "反向扫描",
      "改光强",
      "换频率",
      "换金属",
      "作图测 h",
      "真实器材",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/photoelectric-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/photoelectric-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/photoelectric-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "capacitor-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "观察电容器的充放电",
    "type": "原理与实验",
    "question": "电容器里到底存了什么？能不能只用一个数把它的「肚量」量出来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第三册 · 第十章 静电场中的能量 · 第四节 电容器的电容 · 学生必做实验：观察电容器的充放电"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识器材",
      "合向 1 充电",
      "合向 2 放电",
      "面积得电荷",
      "两种接法",
      "记录 q-u",
      "换 C 换 R",
      "真实器材",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/capacitor-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/capacitor-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/capacitor-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "earth-motion-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "地球运动的地理意义",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一时刻，为什么北京是中午、纽约是半夜，而夏天的白天又比冬天长？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第一章 地球的运动 · 第二节 地球运动的地理意义",
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第一章 地球的运动 · 第一节 地球的自转和公转"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "自转",
      "公转",
      "昼夜半球",
      "晨线昏线",
      "地方时",
      "时区日界线",
      "昼夜长短",
      "正午太阳高度",
      "考核 · 时差"
    ],
    "file": "courses/earth-motion-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/earth-motion-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/earth-motion-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "accel-force-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "实验：探究加速度与力、质量的关系",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "不直接测力、也不直接测加速度——一张纸带加几个槽码，能不能把 a 与 F、m 的关系量出来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第四章 运动和力的关系 · 第二节 实验：探究加速度与力、质量的关系"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识器材",
      "平衡阻力",
      "打纸带",
      "求加速度",
      "a 与 F",
      "a 与 m",
      "误差",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/accel-force-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/accel-force-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/accel-force-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "iron-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "铁及其化合物：铁的价态转化",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一个铁元素，为什么在试管里一会儿是 +2 价、一会儿是 +3 价，我们凭什么知道它是哪一个？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第三章 铁 金属材料 · 第一节 铁及其化合物"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验",
      "白色沉淀",
      "隔绝空气",
      "KSCN 检验",
      "价态降下来",
      "价态升回去",
      "看进去",
      "检铁站",
      "考核 · 压到 +2 价"
    ],
    "file": "courses/iron-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/iron-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/iron-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "plasmolysis-step",
    "subject": "bio",
    "title": "植物细胞的吸水和失水",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "菜叶泡在清水里会变硬挺，撒了盐会出水——植物细胞怎样吸水和失水？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修1 分子与细胞 · 第4章 细胞的物质输入和输出 · 第1节 被动运输 · 探究·实践：探究植物细胞的吸水和失水"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "渗透",
      "原生质层",
      "失水",
      "水去哪",
      "复原",
      "甘油",
      "测浓度",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/plasmolysis-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/plasmolysis-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/plasmolysis-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "electrolysis-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "电解原理：电解氯化铜溶液与饱和食盐水",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一个直流电源，为什么电解氯化铜溶液得到铜和氯气，电解饱和食盐水却得到氢气、氯气和氢氧化钠？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第四章 化学反应与电能 · 第二节 电解池 · 电解氯化铜溶液 · 电解饱和食盐水"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验",
      "接通电源",
      "通得更久",
      "看进去",
      "换食盐水",
      "阴极区变红",
      "放电顺序",
      "铜作阳极",
      "考核 · 出 29.6 mg 铜"
    ],
    "file": "courses/electrolysis-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/electrolysis-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/electrolysis-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "ammonia-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "氨的制备与性质（含喷泉实验）",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "一瓶氨气，凭什么能把烧杯里的水自己「吸」到瓶子里去？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第二节 氮及其化合物 · 氨和铵盐"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "整套装置",
      "管口朝哪边",
      "干燥剂选谁",
      "怎么收集",
      "收多久",
      "验满与白烟",
      "做喷泉",
      "看进去",
      "考核 · 做喷泉"
    ],
    "file": "courses/ammonia-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/ammonia-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/ammonia-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "equilibrium-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "探究影响化学平衡移动的因素",
    "type": "原理与实验",
    "question": "改变一个条件，凭什么说平衡「往哪边移」？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第二章 化学反应速率与化学平衡 · 实验活动1 探究影响化学平衡移动的因素"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验台",
      "铁管加料",
      "铁粉减料",
      "铬管加碱",
      "铬管加酸",
      "冷热两盆",
      "看进去",
      "误差 · 读数",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/equilibrium-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/equilibrium-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/equilibrium-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "flame-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "焰色试验与原子光谱",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "金属在火焰里为什么各有各的颜色，这点颜色凭什么能当成「化验报告」？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 海水中的重要元素——钠和氯 · 第一节 钠及其化合物 · 焰色试验",
      "选择性必修2 物质结构与性质 · 第一章 原子结构与性质 · 第一节 原子结构 · 原子光谱"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验",
      "洗净铂丝",
      "钠双线",
      "钾与钴玻璃",
      "能量与波长",
      "发射与吸收",
      "六种金属",
      "考核 · 验出钾"
    ],
    "file": "courses/flame-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/flame-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/flame-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "galvanic-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "原电池：单液到双液",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一杯稀硫酸里已经有电流了，为什么还要换成两杯、再加一根盐桥？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第六章 化学反应与能量 · 第一节 化学反应与能量变化 · 实验活动6 化学能转化成电能",
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第四章 化学反应与电能 · 第一节 原电池"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "两台装置",
      "接通导线",
      "谁在流",
      "单液的代价",
      "换成双液",
      "拔出盐桥",
      "看进去",
      "浓度",
      "考核 · 组装"
    ],
    "file": "courses/galvanic-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/galvanic-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/galvanic-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "conductivity-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "电解质的电离与溶液导电性、离子反应的实质",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "干手、湿手都是同一只手，为什么湿了反而容易触电？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第一章 物质及其变化 · 第二节 离子反应",
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第三章 水溶液中的离子反应与平衡 · 第一节 电离平衡 · 强电解质和弱电解质"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识台面",
      "干燥与熔融",
      "溶于水",
      "水与蔗糖",
      "强与弱",
      "滴加稀硫酸",
      "看进去",
      "换错滴定剂",
      "考核 · 找终点"
    ],
    "file": "courses/conductivity-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/conductivity-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/conductivity-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "energy-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "实验：验证机械能守恒定律",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "重物下落时，减少的重力势能是不是正好变成了增加的动能？一条纸带能不能把这件事量出来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第八章 机械能守恒定律 · 第五节 实验：验证机械能守恒定律"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识器材",
      "先通电后释放",
      "选点",
      "量 h 算 v",
      "记录作图",
      "换重物",
      "误差",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/energy-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/energy-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/energy-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "soil-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "土壤的主要形成因素与土壤剖面观察",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "东北的土又黑又肥，南方的土为什么相对贫瘠？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第五章 植被与土壤 · 第二节 土壤"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "剖面",
      "母质",
      "生物",
      "气候",
      "地貌",
      "时间",
      "人",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/soil-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/soil-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/soil-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "projectile-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "实验：探究平抛运动的特点",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "只靠一只斜槽和一块挡板，能不能把平抛拆成两个分运动、量出初速度？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 抛体运动 · 第三节 实验：探究平抛运动的特点"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识器材",
      "先做竖直",
      "末端要水平",
      "描四个点",
      "定时间间隔",
      "水平是匀速",
      "换一条刻线",
      "两种偏大",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/projectile-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/projectile-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/projectile-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "transport-step",
    "subject": "bio",
    "title": "物质跨膜运输",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一片细胞膜，为什么氧能自己穿过去、葡萄糖要好几个蛋白帮忙、K⁺ 还能逆着浓度往里走？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修1 分子与细胞 · 第4章 细胞的物质输入和输出"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "自由扩散",
      "选择透过",
      "协助扩散",
      "载体与通道",
      "主动运输",
      "胞吞胞吐",
      "汇总",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/transport-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/transport-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/transport-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "nitric-lab-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "浓、稀硝酸的性质与氮氧化物的转化",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同样是铜和硝酸，为什么一瓶冒红棕色气体、另一瓶什么颜色都没有？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第二节 氮及其化合物 · 一氧化氮和二氧化氮、硝酸"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "整套装置",
      "铜丝插进去",
      "换成稀硝酸",
      "换成铁片",
      "尾气去哪了",
      "棕色瓶的道理",
      "通入空气",
      "振荡与看进去",
      "考核 · 转化掉它"
    ],
    "file": "courses/nitric-lab-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/nitric-lab-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/nitric-lab-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "centripetal-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "探究向心力大小与半径、角速度、质量的关系",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "这台手摇的演示器只给你两个标尺上的格数——能不能用它把 F 与 m、r、ω 的定量关系量出来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第六章 圆周运动 · 第二节 向心力 · 实验：探究向心力大小与半径、角速度、质量的关系"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识演示器",
      "仪器自检",
      "质量关系",
      "半径关系",
      "角速度关系",
      "三条合成一条式子",
      "误差与错误操作",
      "考核 · ω 是平方"
    ],
    "file": "courses/centripetal-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/centripetal-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/centripetal-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "self-induction-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "自感与涡流",
    "type": "原理与实验",
    "question": "线圈里只是多绕了几圈铜线，为什么两只灯泡亮得不一样？开关已经断开了，灯泡凭什么还能再亮一下？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修第二册 · 第二章 电磁感应 · 第四节 互感和自感",
      "选择性必修第二册 · 第二章 电磁感应 · 第三节 涡流、电磁阻尼和电磁驱动"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识器材",
      "通电自感",
      "断电自感",
      "I-t 曲线",
      "换线圈",
      "真实器材",
      "涡流",
      "电磁阻尼",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/self-induction-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/self-induction-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/self-induction-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "emf-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "测电源电动势和内阻",
    "type": "原理与实验",
    "question": "一节旧干电池的电动势和内阻，怎么用一只电压表、一只电流表和一个滑动变阻器「测」出来？换一种接法，测出来的还一样吗？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第三册 · 第十二章 电能 能量守恒定律 · 第三节 实验：电池电动势和内阻的测量"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识接法",
      "先到最大",
      "多测几组",
      "作 U-I 图",
      "纵轴起点",
      "只测两组",
      "换接法",
      "误差分析",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/emf-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/emf-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/emf-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "impulse-step",
    "subject": "bio",
    "title": "神经冲动的产生和传导",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "发令枪响后 0.1 s 内起跑就算抢跑（教材 p.27）——兴奋在身体里怎样「跑」过去？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 稳态与调节 · 第2章 神经调节 · 第3节 神经冲动的产生和传导"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "神经冲动",
      "静息电位",
      "动作电位",
      "局部电流",
      "突触",
      "单向与延搁",
      "可卡因",
      "膜外 Na⁺",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/impulse-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/impulse-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/impulse-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "bromine-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "海水提溴：空气吹出法",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "海水里的溴只有 65 mg/L，怎么把它变成一瓶液溴？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第八章 化学与可持续发展 · 第一节 自然资源的开发利用 · 海水资源的开发利用"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "全场",
      "酸化",
      "氧化",
      "吹出",
      "吸收",
      "提纯",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/bromine-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/bromine-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/bromine-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "thermal-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "大气热力环流",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "台湾海峡两岸的风向，为什么一天里会反过来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 地球上的大气 · 第二节 大气受热过程和大气运动 · 热力环流"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "温差",
      "高空",
      "近地面",
      "成环",
      "强弱",
      "海风",
      "陆风",
      "热岛",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/thermal-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/thermal-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/thermal-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "mitosis-step",
    "subject": "bio",
    "title": "观察根尖分生区组织细胞的有丝分裂",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "一根洋葱根尖上，哪些细胞正在分裂？它们分裂一次各要多久？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修1 分子与细胞 · 第6章 细胞的生命历程 · 第1节 细胞的增殖 · 探究·实践：观察根尖分生区组织细胞的有丝分裂"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "制片",
      "找分生区",
      "前期",
      "中期",
      "后期",
      "末期",
      "计数",
      "算时长",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/mitosis-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/mitosis-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/mitosis-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "sodium-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "金属钠的性质（含钠着火扑救）",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "一块银白色的小金属，为什么必须泡在煤油里，着火时连水都不能浇？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 海水中的重要元素——钠和氯 · 第一节 钠及其化合物 · 活泼的金属单质——钠"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验",
      "银白变暗",
      "泡在煤油里",
      "加热燃烧",
      "浮熔游响红",
      "钠块大小",
      "看进去",
      "着火扑救",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/sodium-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/sodium-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/sodium-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "sulfur-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "硫、二氧化硫、浓硫酸的性质与不同价态含硫物质的转化",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同样是硫，为什么有时它是黄色固体、有时让品红褪成无色、有时又跑进铁粉里？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 第一节 硫及其化合物",
      "必修第二册 · 第五章 化工生产中的重要非金属元素 · 实验活动5 不同价态含硫物质的转化"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "整套装置",
      "硫粉 + 铁粉",
      "浓硫酸与铜",
      "浓还是稀",
      "加热复原",
      "三支检验管与棉团",
      "归中到零价",
      "看进去 · 价态电梯",
      "考核 · 漂白到底"
    ],
    "file": "courses/sulfur-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/sulfur-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/sulfur-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "wind-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "大气的水平运动——风",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "天气图上的风，为什么不是从高压直直吹向低压？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 地球上的大气 · 第二节 大气受热过程和大气运动 · 大气的水平运动——风"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "等压线",
      "梯度力",
      "地转偏向",
      "高空风",
      "近地面",
      "南半球",
      "疏密",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/wind-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/wind-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/wind-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "corrosion-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "吸氧腐蚀与暖贴的设计",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "铁生锈这么慢的事，凭什么能做出一个 45 ℃ 以上的暖贴？又凭什么反过来用它保护铁不生锈？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第四章 化学反应与电能 · 第三节 金属的腐蚀与防护 · 研究与实践：暖贴的设计与制作"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "台面四站",
      "液柱为什么升",
      "碳粉的角色",
      "换成酸性",
      "看进去",
      "暖贴发热",
      "捂住的代价",
      "让锌替它锈",
      "考核 · 设计暖贴"
    ],
    "file": "courses/corrosion-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/corrosion-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/corrosion-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "enzyme-step",
    "subject": "bio",
    "title": "影响酶活性的条件",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "同一支酶，为什么放进沸水里就再也救不回来，放进冰水里却还能醒过来？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修1 分子与细胞 · 第5章 细胞的能量供应和利用 · 第1节 降低化学反应活化能的酶 · 探究·实践：影响酶活性的条件"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "认识实验台",
      "温度",
      "pH",
      "高温不可逆",
      "低温可恢复",
      "看进去",
      "过酸过碱",
      "考核 · 当实验员"
    ],
    "file": "courses/enzyme-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/enzyme-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/enzyme-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "chlor-alkali-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "氯碱工业",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "同样的电，怎样换来更多烧碱、更少电耗，又不出事故？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 化学反应原理 · 第四章 化学反应与电能 · 第二节 电解池 · 电解饱和食盐水"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "三样产品",
      "先洗盐",
      "剖开槽",
      "膜里看",
      "多加电",
      "调槽温",
      "拆掉膜",
      "值班考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/chlor-alkali-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/chlor-alkali-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/chlor-alkali-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "hou-soda-step",
    "subject": "chem",
    "title": "侯氏制碱",
    "type": "工业流程",
    "question": "怎样用食盐和氨造出纯碱，还顺手拿到氮肥？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第二章 海水中的重要元素——钠和氯 · 第一节 钠及其化合物 · 情境素材：侯氏制碱法"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "从盐到碱",
      "先氨后碳",
      "为什么它自己析出",
      "碳化温度",
      "过滤分两路",
      "煅烧成碱",
      "母液与循环",
      "你来当班长"
    ],
    "file": "courses/hou-soda-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/hou-soda-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/hou-soda-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "current-field-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "电流的磁场",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "磁场看不见摸不着，怎么把它画出来、又怎么判断它的方向？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第三册 · 第十三章 电磁感应与电磁波初步 · 第一节 磁场 磁感线"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "铁屑显形",
      "一圈圈同心圆",
      "握导线定方向",
      "疏密就是强弱",
      "穿环绕回",
      "多匝叠加",
      "轴向衰减",
      "内部匀强",
      "考核 · 找管口"
    ],
    "file": "courses/current-field-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/current-field-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/current-field-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "brownian-step",
    "subject": "phys",
    "title": "布朗运动与扩散",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "看不见的分子，凭什么说它在乱动？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修第三册 · 第一章 分子动理论 · 第一节 分子动理论的基本内容"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "看见它在动",
      "30 秒一个点",
      "越久越远",
      "微粒越小越明显",
      "温度越高越剧烈",
      "撞出来的",
      "单次不等于统计",
      "扩散：浓度展开",
      "考核 · 动得更明显"
    ],
    "file": "courses/brownian-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/brownian-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/brownian-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "water-cycle-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "水循环的过程与地理意义",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "江河不断注入大海，为什么大海的水没有增多？",
    "textbook": [
      "必修第一册 · 第三章 地球上的水 · 第一节 水循环"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "全景",
      "蒸发",
      "蒸腾",
      "输送",
      "下渗",
      "三类",
      "砂田",
      "意义",
      "考核"
    ],
    "file": "courses/water-cycle-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/water-cycle-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/water-cycle-step/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "circulation-step",
    "subject": "geo",
    "title": "气压带、风带与三圈环流",
    "type": "原理与现象",
    "question": "麦哲伦船队为什么有的航段逆风、有的顺风，到了 30°S 附近却寸步难行？",
    "textbook": [
      "选择性必修1 自然地理基础 · 第三章 大气的运动 · 第二节 气压带和风带"
    ],
    "steps": [
      "赤道低压",
      "30° 下沉",
      "60° 爬升",
      "七带六风",
      "季节移动",
      "海陆分布",
      "考核 · 麦哲伦"
    ],
    "file": "courses/circulation-step.html",
    "cover": "covers/circulation-step.webp",
    "online": "https://lab.tongjiang.app/c/circulation-step/"
  }
]