usbtree

Cross-platform TUI for inspecting the USB device tree (Linux, macOS, Windows). Enumerates via nusb — pure Rust, no root, no libusb. One static binary, zero runtime deps: ~1.5 MB download, ~5–7 MB on disk.

Website: gnomeria.github.io/usbtree

Platform support

Live per-device activity is Linux-only — why →.

Install

[!NOTE] The shell installer and prebuilt links need a published GitHub release. None yet? Install from source.

Homebrew (Linux · macOS Apple Silicon)

brew install gnomeria/tap/usbtree

Linux / macOS (shell installer)

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gnomeria/usbtree/main/scripts/install.sh | sh

Windows

irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gnomeria/usbtree/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex

From source

cargo install --git https://github.com/gnomeria/usbtree

Installers verify the archive's sha256 against checksums.txt and install to /usr/local/bin or ~/.local/bin (Linux/macOS) / %LOCALAPPDATA%\usbtree\bin + user PATH (Windows). Env vars (prefix $env: in PowerShell):

Or grab a usbtree_<version>_<os>-<arch>.{tar.gz,zip} archive from the latest release; each sha256 is in checksums.txt.

[!NOTE] macOS and Windows binaries are not code-signed or notarized.

• macOS: the install script and Homebrew formula clear the quarantine flag; manual downloads need xattr -d com.apple.quarantine ./usbtree (or right-click → Open once).
• Windows: SmartScreen may warn — More info → Run anyway, or Unblock-File usbtree.exe. Verify the sha256 or build from source if in doubt.

Features

• Live USB tree — color-coded class gutter, per-class icons, tree rails, speed badges (▂ low/full, ▄ high 480M, █ SuperSpeed+ 5G/10G); rescans every second. Collapse hubs with Enter/Space/h/l → ▸ + +N child badge
• Names via fallback chain: overrides.ids → descriptor strings → downloaded usb.ids (--updatelist) → embedded snapshot → vendor/class heuristics
• Composite/Misc (0xef) devices classified by interface class, so e.g. a MOTU M2 shows as Audio, not Misc
• Hot-plug watch — plugged flash green, unplugged linger as red ghosts for 30 s, all events logged with timestamps
• Live per-device activity (Linux) — inline sparklines + detail-pane bandwidth graph; URBs/s unprivileged, real bytes/s via usbmon (root, see below)
• Detail panel — sysfs path, vid:pid, vendor, class, speed, bMaxPower, serial, connected children
• Safe eject (Linux, unprivileged) — e on a mass-storage device unmounts + cuts port power via udisks2, with a confirm dialog
• PCI view (p) — flat address-sorted PCI list with detail pane (prog-if, subsystem, link speed/width, NUMA, IOMMU group, power state)
• Live filter (/), yank (y vid:pid, Y full details), --dump prints the tree once (no TUI)

Usage

usbtree                 # TUI
usbtree --dump          # print the tree once and exit
usbtree --updatelist    # download the latest usb.ids into the config dir
usbtree --demo          # fake tree with scripted hot-plug + traffic (no hardware)
usbtree --light         # use light theme (for light background terminals)

Configuration

Config lives in ~/.config/usbtree/ (%APPDATA%\usbtree\ on Windows):

• overrides.ids — personal names, one vvvv:pppp Friendly Name per line (# comments OK). Wins over descriptor strings and usb.ids:

  07fd:000b MOTU M2 Audio Interface
  

• usb.ids — written by usbtree --updatelist (from the systemd/hwdata mirror). Takes priority over the snapshot compiled into the binary.

Activity metrics (Linux)

The header shows the active source:

• ◌ urb activity — unprivileged default: URB-count deltas from sysfs urbnum, shown as URBs/s
• ◉ usbmon bytes/s — real per-device bandwidth when /sys/kernel/debug/usb/usbmon is readable (root + usbmon module loaded)

sudo alone is not enough — the usbmon module must be loaded or usbtree silently falls back to URB activity:

sudo modprobe usbmon
sudo "$(command -v usbtree)"

The absolute path matters: sudo's secure_path excludes ~/.local/bin, so plain sudo usbtree fails unless installed to /usr/local/bin. Load usbmon at boot with echo usbmon | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/usbmon.conf; needs CONFIG_USB_MON (standard on mainstream kernels).

macOS/Windows have no unprivileged per-device traffic counter (sudo doesn't help), so live activity isn't implemented there — the header reads ◌ activity n/a on this platform.

How it works

Rescans every second; hot-plug detection is a snapshot diff between scans. Paths use sysfs-style naming (1-1.4 = bus 1, port 1, port 4) on every platform, built from each device's port chain; root hubs are synthesized from the bus list.

Releases are automated with release-please: conventional commits on main roll into a release PR; merging it tags a version and builds the binaries.

Development

Common commands live in the Taskfile — task -l lists them (task demo, task test, task lint, task ci, task shots, task hooks). The demo GIF/PNG in docs/screenshots/ are rendered headlessly by driving usbtree --demo with VHS tapes from tapes/, re-committed by the Screenshots workflow when src/ or the tapes change.

Contributions welcome — see CONTRIBUTING.md; security reports follow SECURITY.md.

License

MIT.