Reinforcement Learning Papers

Related papers for Reinforcement Learning (we mainly focus on single-agent).

Since there are tens of thousands of new papers on reinforcement learning at each conference every year, we are only able to list those we read and consider as insightful.

We have added some ICLR22, ICML22, NeurIPS22, ICLR23, ICML23, NeurIPS23, ICLR24, ICML24, NeurIPS24, ICLR25, ICML25, NeurIPS25, ICLR26 papers on RL.

Model Free (Online) RL

Classic Methods

Title	Method	Conference	on/off policy	Action Space	Policy	Description
Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning, [other link]	DQN	Nature15	off	Discrete	based on value function	use deep neural network to train q learning and reach the human level in the Atari games; mainly two trick: replay buffer for improving sample efficiency, decouple target network and behavior network
Deep reinforcement learning with double q-learning	Double DQN	AAAI16	off	Discrete	based on value function	find that the Q function in DQN may overestimate; decouple calculating q function and choosing action with two neural networks
Dueling network architectures for deep reinforcement learning	Dueling DQN	ICML16	off	Discrete	based on value function	use the same neural network to approximate q function and value function for calculating advantage function
Prioritized Experience Replay	Priority Sampling	ICLR16	off	Discrete	based on value function	give different weights to the samples in the replay buffer (e.g. TD error)
Rainbow: Combining Improvements in Deep Reinforcement Learning	Rainbow	AAAI18	off	Discrete	based on value function	combine different improvements to DQN: Double DQN, Dueling DQN, Priority Sampling, Multi-step learning, Distributional RL, Noisy Nets
Policy Gradient Methods for Reinforcement Learning with Function Approximation	PG	NeurIPS99	on/off	Continuous or Discrete	function approximation	propose Policy Gradient Theorem: how to calculate the gradient of the expected cumulative return to policy
----	AC/A2C	----	on/off	Continuous or Discrete	parameterized neural network	AC: replace the return in PG with q function approximator to reduce variance; A2C: replace the q function in AC with advantage function to reduce variance
Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning	A3C	ICML16	on/off	Continuous or Discrete	parameterized neural network	propose three tricks to improve performance: (i) use different agents to interact with the environment; (ii) value function and policy share network parameters; (iii) modify the loss function (mse of value function + pg loss + policy entropy)
Trust Region Policy Optimization	TRPO	ICML15	on	Continuous or Discrete	parameterized neural network	introduce trust region to policy optimization for guaranteed monotonic improvement
Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms	PPO	arxiv17	on	Continuous or Discrete	parameterized neural network	replace the hard constraint of TRPO with a penalty by clipping the coefficient
Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithms	DPG	ICML14	off	Continuous	function approximation	consider deterministic policy for continuous action space and prove Deterministic Policy Gradient Theorem; use a stochastic behaviour policy for encouraging exploration
Continuous Control with Deep Reinforcement Learning	DDPG	ICLR16	off	Continuous	parameterized neural network	adapt the ideas of DQN to DPG: (i) deep neural network function approximators, (ii) replay buffer, (iii) fix the target q function at each epoch
Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methods	TD3	ICML18	off	Continuous	parameterized neural network	adapt the ideas of Double DQN to DDPG: taking the minimum value between a pair of critics to limit overestimation
Reinforcement Learning with Deep Energy-Based Policies	SQL	ICML17	off	main for Continuous	parameterized neural network	consider max-entropy rl and propose soft q iteration as well as soft q learning
Soft Actor-Critic Algorithms and Applications, Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actor, [appendix]	SAC	ICML18	off	main for Continuous	parameterized neural network	base the theoretical analysis of SQL and extend soft q iteration (soft q evaluation + soft q improvement); reparameterize the policy and use two parameterized value functions; propose SAC

Exploration

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Curiosity-driven Exploration by Self-supervised Prediction	ICM	ICML17	propose that curiosity can serve as an intrinsic reward signal to enable the agent to explore its environment and learn skills when rewards are sparse; formulate curiosity as the error in an agent’s ability to predict the consequence of its own actions in a visual feature space learned by a self-supervised inverse dynamics model
Curiosity-Driven Exploration via Latent Bayesian Surprise	LBS	AAAI22	apply Bayesian surprise in a latent space representing the agent’s current understanding of the dynamics of the system
Automatic Intrinsic Reward Shaping for Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning	AIRS	ICML23	select shaping function from a predefined set based on the estimated task return in real-time, providing reliable exploration incentives and alleviating the biased objective problem; develop a toolkit that provides highquality implementations of various intrinsic reward modules based on PyTorch
Curiosity in Hindsight: Intrinsic Exploration in Stochastic Environments	Curiosity in Hindsight	ICML23	consider exploration in stochastic environments; learn representations of the future that capture precisely the unpredictable aspects of each outcome—which we use as additional input for predictions, such that intrinsic rewards only reflect the predictable aspects of world dynamics
Maximize to Explore: One Objective Function Fusing Estimation, Planning, and Exploration		NeurIPS23 spotlight
MIMEx: Intrinsic Rewards from Masked Input Modeling	MIMEx	NeurIPS23	propose that the mask distribution can be flexibly tuned to control the difficulty of the underlying conditional prediction task

Representation Learning

Note: representation learning with MBRL is in the part World Models

Title	Method	Conference	Description
CURL: Contrastive Unsupervised Representations for Reinforcement Learning	CURL	ICML20	extracts high-level features from raw pixels using contrastive learning and performs offpolicy control on top of the extracted features
Learning Invariant Representations for Reinforcement Learning without Reconstruction	DBC	ICLR21	propose using Bisimulation to learn robust latent representations which encode only the task-relevant information from observations
Reinforcement Learning with Prototypical Representations	Proto-RL	ICML21	pre-train task-agnostic representations and prototypes on environments without downstream task information
Understanding the World Through Action	----	CoRL21	discusse how self-supervised reinforcement learning combined with offline RL can enable scalable representation learning
Flow-based Recurrent Belief State Learning for POMDPs	FORBES	ICML22	incorporate normalizing flows into the variational inference to learn general continuous belief states for POMDPs
Contrastive Learning as Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning	Contrastive RL	NeurIPS22	show (contrastive) representation learning methods can be cast as RL algorithms in their own right
Does Self-supervised Learning Really Improve Reinforcement Learning from Pixels?	----	NeurIPS22	conduct an extensive comparison of various self-supervised losses under the existing joint learning framework for pixel-based reinforcement learning in many environments from different benchmarks, including one real-world environment
Reinforcement Learning with Automated Auxiliary Loss Search	A2LS	NeurIPS22	propose to automatically search top-performing auxiliary loss functions for learning better representations in RL; define a general auxiliary loss space of size 7.5 × 1020 based on the collected trajectory data and explore the space with an efficient evolutionary search strategy
Mask-based Latent Reconstruction for Reinforcement Learning	MLR	NeurIPS22	propose an effective self-supervised method to predict complete state representations in the latent space from the observations with spatially and temporally masked pixels
Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Training	VIP	ICLR23 Spotlight	cast representation learning from human videos as an offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning problem; derive a self-supervised dual goal-conditioned value-function objective that does not depend on actions, enabling pre-training on unlabeled human videos
Latent Variable Representation for Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR23	provide a representation view of the latent variable models for state-action value functions, which allows both tractable variational learning algorithm and effective implementation of the optimism/pessimism principle in the face of uncertainty for exploration
Spectral Decomposition Representation for Reinforcement Learning		ICLR23
Become a Proficient Player with Limited Data through Watching Pure Videos	FICC	ICLR23	consider the setting where the pre-training data are action-free videos; introduce a two-phase training pipeline; pre-training phase: implicitly extract the hidden action embedding from videos and pre-train the visual representation and the environment dynamics network based on vector quantization; down-stream tasks: finetune with small amount of task data based on the learned models
Bootstrapped Representations in Reinforcement Learning	----	ICML23	provide a theoretical characterization of the state representation learnt by temporal difference learning; find that this representation differs from the features learned by Monte Carlo and residual gradient algorithms for most transition structures of the environment in the policy evaluation setting
Representation-Driven Reinforcement Learning	RepRL	ICML23	reduce the policy search problem to a contextual bandit problem, using a mapping from policy space to a linear feature space
Conditional Mutual Information for Disentangled Representations in Reinforcement Learning	CMID	NeurIPS23 spotlight	propose an auxiliary task for RL algorithms that learns a disentangled representation of high-dimensional observations with correlated features by minimising the conditional mutual information between features in the representation

Unsupervised Learning

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Variational Intrinsic Control	----	arXiv1611	introduce a new unsupervised reinforcement learning method for discovering the set of intrinsic options available to an agent, which is learned by maximizing the number of different states an agent can reliably reach, as measured by the mutual information between the set of options and option termination states
Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Function	DIAYN	ICLR19	learn diverse skills in environments without any rewards by maximizing an information theoretic objective
Unsupervised Control Through Non-Parametric Discriminative Rewards		ICLR19
Dynamics-Aware Unsupervised Discovery of Skills	DADS	ICLR20	propose to learn low-level skills using model-free RL with the explicit aim of making model-based control easy
Fast task inference with variational intrinsic successor features	VISR	ICLR20
Decoupling representation learning from reinforcement learning	ATC	ICML21	propose a new unsupervised task tailored to reinforcement learning named Augmented Temporal Contrast (ATC), which borrows ideas from Contrastive learning; benchmark several leading Unsupervised Learning algorithms by pre-training encoders on expert demonstrations and using them in RL agents
Unsupervised Skill Discovery with Bottleneck Option Learning	IBOL	ICML21	propose a novel skill discovery method with information bottleneck, which provides multiple benefits including learning skills in a more disentangled and interpretable way with respect to skill latents and being robust to nuisance information
APS: Active Pretraining with Successor Features	APS	ICML21	address the issues of APT and VISR by combining them together in a novel way
Behavior From the Void: Unsupervised Active Pre-Training	APT	NeurIPS21	propose a non-parametric entropy computed in an abstract representation space; compute the average of the Euclidean distance of each particle to its nearest neighbors for a set of samples
Pretraining representations for data-efficient reinforcement learning	SGI	NeurIPS21	consider to pretrian with unlabeled data and finetune on a small amount of task-specific data to improve the data efficiency of RL; employ a combination of latent dynamics modelling and unsupervised goal-conditioned RL
URLB: Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning Benchmark	URLB	NeurIPS21	a benchmark for unsupervised reinforcement learning
Discovering and Achieving Goals via World Models	LEXA	NeurIPS21	unsupervised train both an explorer and an achiever policy via imagined rollouts in world models; after the unsupervised phase, solve tasks specified as goal images zero-shot without any additional learning
The Information Geometry of Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR22 oral	show that unsupervised skill discovery algorithms based on mutual information maximization do not learn skills that are optimal for every possible reward function; provide a geometric perspective on some skill learning methods
Lipschitz Constrained Unsupervised Skill Discovery	LSD	ICLR22	argue that the MI-based skill discovery methods can easily maximize the MI objective with only slight differences in the state space; propose a novel objective based on a Lipschitz-constrained state representation function so that the objective maximization in the latent space always entails an increase in traveled distances (or variations) in the state space
Learning more skills through optimistic exploration	DISDAIN	ICLR22	derive an information gain auxiliary objective that involves training an ensemble of discriminators and rewarding the policy for their disagreement; the objective directly estimates the epistemic uncertainty that comes from the discriminator not having seen enough training examples
A Mixture of Surprises for Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	MOSS	NeurIPS22	train one mixture component whose objective is to maximize the surprise and another whose objective is to minimize the surprise for handling the setting that the entropy of the environment’s dynamics may be unknown
Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning with Contrastive Intrinsic Control	CIC	NeurIPS22	propose to maximize the mutual information between statetransitions and latent skill vectors
Unsupervised Skill Discovery via Recurrent Skill Training	ReST	NeurIPS22	encourage the latter trained skills to avoid entering the same states covered by the previous skills
Choreographer: Learning and Adapting Skills in Imagination	Choreographer	ICLR23 Spotlight	decouples the exploration and skill learning processes; uses a meta-controller to evaluate and adapt the learned skills efficiently by deploying them in parallel in imagination
Provable Unsupervised Data Sharing for Offline Reinforcement Learning		ICLR23
Discovering Policies with DOMiNO: Diversity Optimization Maintaining Near Optimality		ICLR23
Mastering the Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning Benchmark from Pixels	Dyna-MPC	ICML23 oral	utilize unsupervised model-based RL for pre-training the agent; finetune downstream tasks via a task-aware finetuning strategy combined with a hybrid planner, Dyna-MPC
On the Importance of Feature Decorrelation for Unsupervised Representation Learning in Reinforcement Learning	SimTPR	ICML23	propose a novel URL framework that causally predicts future states while increasing the dimension of the latent manifold by decorrelating the features in the latent space
CLUTR: Curriculum Learning via Unsupervised Task Representation Learning		ICML23
Controllability-Aware Unsupervised Skill Discovery	CSD	ICML23	train a controllability-aware distance function based on the current skill repertoire and combine it with distance-maximizing skill discovery
Behavior Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Skill Discovery	BeCL	ICML23	propose a novel unsupervised skill discovery method through contrastive learning among behaviors, which makes the agent produce similar behaviors for the same skill and diverse behaviors for different skills
Variational Curriculum Reinforcement Learning for Unsupervised Discovery of Skills		ICML23
Learning to Discover Skills through Guidance	DISCO-DANCE	NeurIPS23	selects the guide skill that possesses the highest potential to reach unexplored states; guides other skills to follow the guide skill; the guided skills are dispersed to maximize their discriminability in unexplored states
Creating Multi-Level Skill Hierarchies in Reinforcement Learning		NeurIPS23
Unsupervised Behavior Extraction via Random Intent Priors		NeurIPS23
METRA: Scalable Unsupervised RL with Metric-Aware Abstraction	METRA	ICLR24 oral
Language Guided Skill Discovery	LGSD	arXiv2406	take user prompts as input and output a set of semantically distinctive skills
PEAC: Unsupervised Pre-training for Cross-Embodiment Reinforcement Learning	CEURL, PEAC	NeurIPS24	consider unsupervised pre-training across a distribution of embodiments, namely CEURL; propose PEAC for handling CEURL
Exploratory Diffusion Model for Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	ExDM	ICLR26 oral	utilize diffusion models for boosting unsupervised exploration and for fine-tuning pre-trained diffusion policies

Current methods

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Weighted importance sampling for off-policy learning with linear function approximation	WIS-LSTD	NeurIPS14
Importance Sampling Policy Evaluation with an Estimated Behavior Policy	RIS	ICML19
Provably efficient RL with Rich Observations via Latent State Decoding	Block MDP	ICML19
Implementation Matters in Deep Policy Gradients: A Case Study on PPO and TRPO	----	ICLR20	show that the improvement of performance is related to code-level optimizations
Reinforcement Learning with Augmented Data	RAD	NeurIPS20	propose first extensive study of general data augmentations for RL on both pixel-based and state-based inputs
Image Augmentation Is All You Need: Regularizing Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels	DrQ	ICLR21 Spotlight	propose to regularize the value function when applying data augmentation with model-free methods and reach state-of-the-art performance in image-pixels tasks
What Matters In On-Policy Reinforcement Learning? A Large-Scale Empirical Study	----	ICLR21	do a large scale empirical study to evaluate different tricks for on-policy algorithms on MuJoCo
Mirror Descent Policy Optimization	MDPO	ICLR21
Learning Invariant Representations for Reinforcement Learning without Reconstruction	DBC	ICLR21
Randomized Ensemble Double Q-Learning: Learning Fast Without a Model	REDQ	ICLR21	consider three ingredients: (i) update q functions many times at every epoch; (ii) use an ensemble of Q functions; (iii) use the minimization across a random subset of Q functions from the ensemble for avoiding the overestimation; propose REDQ and achieve similar performance with model-based methods
Deep Reinforcement Learning at the Edge of the Statistical Precipice	----	NeurIPS21 oustandstanding paper	advocate for reporting interval estimates of aggregate performance and propose performance profiles to account for the variability in results, as well as present more robust and efficient aggregate metrics, such as interquartile mean scores, to achieve small uncertainty in results; [rliable]
Generalizable Episodic Memory for Deep Reinforcement Learning	GEM	ICML21	propose to integrate the generalization ability of neural networks and the fast retrieval manner of episodic memory
A Max-Min Entropy Framework for Reinforcement Learning	MME	NeurIPS21	find that SAC may fail in explore states with low entropy (arrive states with high entropy and increase their entropies); propose a max-min entropy framework to address this issue
Maximum Entropy RL (Provably) Solves Some Robust RL Problems	----	ICLR22	theoretically prove that
SO(2)-Equivariant Reinforcement Learning	Equi DQN, Equi SAC	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider to learn transformation-invariant policies and value functions; define and analyze group equivariant MDPs
CoBERL: Contrastive BERT for Reinforcement Learning	CoBERL	ICLR22 Spotlight	propose Contrastive BERT for RL (COBERL) that combines a new contrastive loss and a hybrid LSTM-transformer architecture to tackle the challenge of improving data efficiency
Understanding and Preventing Capacity Loss in Reinforcement Learning	InFeR	ICLR22 Spotlight	propose that deep RL agents lose some of their capacity to quickly fit new prediction tasks during training; propose InFeR to regularize a set of network outputs towards their initial values
On Lottery Tickets and Minimal Task Representations in Deep Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider lottery ticket hypothesis in deep reinforcement learning
Reinforcement Learning with Sparse Rewards using Guidance from Offline Demonstration	LOGO	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider the sparse reward challenges in RL; propose LOGO that exploits the offline demonstration data generated by a sub-optimal behavior policy; each step of LOGO contains a policy improvement step via TRPO and an additional policy guidance step by using the sub-optimal behavior policy
Sample Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning via Uncertainty Estimation	IV-RL	ICLR22 Spotlight	analyze the sources of uncertainty in the supervision of modelfree DRL algorithms, and show that the variance of the supervision noise can be estimated with negative log-likelihood and variance ensembles
Generative Planning for Temporally Coordinated Exploration in Reinforcement Learning	GPM	ICLR22 Spotlight	focus on generating consistent actions for model-free RL, and borrow ideas from Model-based planning and action-repeat; use the policy to generate multi-step actions
When should agents explore?	----	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider when to explore and propose to choose a heterogeneous mode-switching behavior policy
Maximizing Ensemble Diversity in Deep Reinforcement Learning	MED-RL	ICLR22
Maximum Entropy RL (Provably) Solves Some Robust RL Problems	----	ICLR22	theoretically prove that standard maximum entropy RL is robust to some disturbances in the dynamics and the reward function
Learning Generalizable Representations for Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Meta-learner of Behavioral Similarities	AMBS	ICLR22
Large Batch Experience Replay	LaBER	ICML22 oral	cast the replay buffer sampling problem as an importance sampling one for estimating the gradient and derive the theoretically optimal sampling distribution
Do Differentiable Simulators Give Better Gradients for Policy Optimization?	----	ICML22 oral	consider whether differentiable simulators give better policy gradients; show some pitfalls of First-order estimates and propose alpha-order estimates
Federated Reinforcement Learning: Communication-Efficient Algorithms and Convergence Analysis		ICML22 oral
An Analytical Update Rule for General Policy Optimization	----	ICML22 oral	provide a tighter bound for truse-region methods
Generalised Policy Improvement with Geometric Policy Composition	GSPs	ICML22 oral	propose the concept of geometric switching policy (GSP), i.e., we have a set of policies and will use them to take action in turn, for each policy, we sample a number from the geometric distribution and take this policy such number of steps; consider policy improvement over nonMarkov GSPs
Why Should I Trust You, Bellman? The Bellman Error is a Poor Replacement for Value Error	----	ICML22	aim to better understand the relationship between the Bellman error and the accuracy of value functions through theoretical analysis and empirical study; point out that the Bellman error is a poor replacement for value error, including (i) The magnitude of the Bellman error hides bias, (ii) Missing transitions breaks the Bellman equation
Adaptive Model Design for Markov Decision Process	----	ICML22	consider Regularized Markov Decision Process and formulate it as a bi-level problem
Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels	A-LIX	ICML22	propose that temporal-difference learning with a convolutional encoder and lowmagnitude reward will cause instabilities, which is named catastrophic self-overfitting; propose to provide adaptive regularization to the encoder’s gradients that explicitly prevents the occurrence of catastrophic self-overfitting
Understanding Policy Gradient Algorithms: A Sensitivity-Based Approach	----	ICML22	study PG from a perturbation perspective
Mirror Learning: A Unifying Framework of Policy Optimisation	Mirror Learning	ICML22	propose a novel unified theoretical framework named Mirror Learning to provide theoretical guarantees for General Policy Improvement (GPI) and Trust-Region Learning (TRL); propose an interesting, graph-theoretical perspective on mirror learning
Continuous Control with Action Quantization from Demonstrations	AQuaDem	ICML22	leverag the prior of human demonstrations for reducing a continuous action space to a discrete set of meaningful actions; point out that using a set of actions rather than a single one (Behavioral Cloning) enables to capture the multimodality of behaviors in the demonstrations
Off-Policy Fitted Q-Evaluation with Differentiable Function Approximators: Z-Estimation and Inference Theory	----	ICML22	analyze Fitted Q Evaluation (FQE) with general differentiable function approximators, including neural function approximations by using the Z-estimation theory
The Primacy Bias in Deep Reinforcement Learning	primacy bias	ICML22	find that deep RL agents incur a risk of overfitting to earlier experiences, which will negatively affect the rest of the learning process; propose a simple yet generally-applicable mechanism that tackles the primacy bias by periodically resetting a part of the agent
Optimizing Sequential Experimental Design with Deep Reinforcement Learning		ICML22	use DRL for solving the optimal design of sequential experiments
The Geometry of Robust Value Functions		ICML22	study the geometry of the robust value space for the more general Robust MDPs
Utility Theory for Markovian Sequential Decision Making	Affine-Reward MDPs	ICML22	extend von Neumann-Morgenstern (VNM) utility theorem to decision making setting
Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networks	MeanQ	ICML22	consider variance reduction in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation; propose MeanQ to estimate target values by ensembling
Unifying Approximate Gradient Updates for Policy Optimization		ICML22
Reinforcement Learning with Neural Radiance Fields	NeRF-RL	NeurIPS22	propose to train an encoder that maps multiple image observations to a latent space describing the objects in the scene
On Reinforcement Learning and Distribution Matching for Fine-Tuning Language Models with no Catastrophic Forgetting	----	NeurIPS22	explore the theoretical connections between Reward Maximization (RM) and Distribution Matching (DM)
Faster Deep Reinforcement Learning with Slower Online Network	DQN Pro, Rainbow Pro	NeurIPS22	incentivize the online network to remain in the proximity of the target network
Reincarnating Reinforcement Learning: Reusing Prior Computation to Accelerate Progress	PVRL	NeurIPS22	focus on reincarnating RL from any agent to any other agent; present reincarnating RL as an alternative workflow or class of problem settings, where prior computational work (e.g., learned policies) is reused or transferred between design iterations of an RL agent, or from one RL agent to another
Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Breaking the Replay Ratio Barrier	SR-SAC, SR-SPR	ICLR23 oral	show that fully or partially resetting the parameters of deep reinforcement learning agents causes better replay ratio scaling capabilities to emerge
Guarded Policy Optimization with Imperfect Online Demonstrations	TS2C	ICLR23 Spotlight	h incorporate teacher intervention based on trajectory-based value estimation
Towards Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Human-Friendly Prototypes	PW-Net	ICLR23 Spotlight	focus on making an “interpretable-by-design” deep reinforcement learning agent which is forced to use human-friendly prototypes in its decisions for making its reasoning process clear; train a “wrapper” model called PW-Net that can be added to any pre-trained agent, which allows them to be interpretable
DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems	DEP-RL	ICLR23 Spotlight	identify the DEP controller, known from the field of self-organizing behavior, to generate more effective exploration than other commonly used noise processes; first control the 7 degrees of freedom (DoF) human arm model with RL on a muscle stimulation level
Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning Requires Regulating Statistical Overfitting	AVTD	ICLR23	propose a simple active model selection method (AVTD) that attempts to automatically select regularization schemes by hill-climbing on validation TD error
Greedy Actor-Critic: A New Conditional Cross-Entropy Method for Policy Improvement	CCEM, GreedyAC	ICLR23	propose to iteratively take the top percentile of actions, ranked according to the learned action-values; leverage theory for CEM to validate that CCEM concentrates on maximally valued actions across states over time
Reward Design with Language Models	----	ICLR23	explore how to simplify reward design by prompting a large language model (LLM) such as GPT-3 as a proxy reward function, where the user provides a textual prompt containing a few examples (few-shot) or a description (zero-shot) of the desired behavior
Solving Continuous Control via Q-learning	DecQN	ICLR23	combine value decomposition with bang-bang action space discretization to DQN to handle continuous control tasks; evaluate on DMControl, Meta World, and Isaac Gym
Wasserstein Auto-encoded MDPs: Formal Verification of Efficiently Distilled RL Policies with Many-sided Guarantees	WAE-MDP	ICLR23	minimize a penalized form of the optimal transport between the behaviors of the agent executing the original policy and the distilled policy
Human-level Atari 200x faster	MEME	ICLR23	outperform the human baseline across all 57 Atari games in 390M frames; four key components: (1) an approximate trust region method which enables stable bootstrapping from the online network, (2) a normalisation scheme for the loss and priorities which improves robustness when learning a set of value functions with a wide range of scales, (3) an improved architecture employing techniques from NFNets in order to leverage deeper networks without the need for normalization layers, and (4) a policy distillation method which serves to smooth out the instantaneous greedy policy over time.
Improving Deep Policy Gradients with Value Function Search	VFS	ICLR23	focus on improving value approximation and analyzing the effects on Deep PG primitives such as value prediction, variance reduction, and correlation of gradient estimates with the true gradient; show that value functions with better predictions improve Deep PG primitives, leading to better sample efficiency and policies with higher returns
Memory Gym: Partially Observable Challenges to Memory-Based Agents	Memory Gym	ICLR23	a benchmark for challenging Deep Reinforcement Learning agents to memorize events across long sequences, be robust to noise, and generalize; consists of the partially observable 2D and discrete control environments Mortar Mayhem, Mystery Path, and Searing Spotlights; [code]
Hybrid RL: Using both offline and online data can make RL efficient	Hy-Q	ICLR23	focus on a hybrid setting named Hybrid RL, where the agent has both an offline dataset and the ability to interact with the environment; extend fitted Q-iteration algorithm
POPGym: Benchmarking Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning	POPGym	ICLR23	a two-part library containing (1) a diverse collection of 15 partially observable environments, each with multiple difficulties and (2) implementations of 13 memory model baselines; [code]
Critic Sequential Monte Carlo	CriticSMC	ICLR23	combine sequential Monte Carlo with learned Soft-Q function heuristic factors
Planning-oriented Autonomous Driving		CVPR23 best paper
On the Reuse Bias in Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning	BIRIS	IJCAI23	discuss the bias of off-policy evaluation due to reusing the replay buffer; derive a high-probability bound of the Reuse Bias; introduce the concept of stability for off-policy algorithms and provide an upper bound for stable off-policy algorithms
The Dormant Neuron Phenomenon in Deep Reinforcement Learning	ReDo	ICML23 oral	understand the underlying reasons behind the loss of expressivity during the training of RL agents; demonstrate the existence of the dormant neuron phenomenon in deep RL; propose Recycling Dormant neurons (ReDo) to reduce the number of dormant neurons and maintain network expressivity during training
Efficient RL via Disentangled Environment and Agent Representations	SEAR	ICML23 oral	consider to build a representation that can disentangle a robotic agent from its environment for improving the learning efficiency for RL; augment the RL loss with an agent-centric auxiliary loss
On the Statistical Benefits of Temporal Difference Learning	----	ICML23 oral	provide crisp insight into the statistical benefits of TD
Settling the Reward Hypothesis	----	ICML23 oral	provide a treatment of the reward hypothesis in both the setting that goals are the subjective desires of the agent and in the setting where goals are the objective desires of an agent designer
Learning Belief Representations for Partially Observable Deep RL	Believer	ICML23	decouple belief state modelling (via unsupervised learning) from policy optimization (via RL); propose a representation learning approach to capture a compact set of reward-relevant features of the state
Internally Rewarded Reinforcement Learning	IRRL	ICML23	study a class of reinforcement learning problems where the reward signals for policy learning are generated by an internal reward model that is dependent on and jointly optimized with the policy; theoretically derive and empirically analyze the effect of the reward function in IRRL and based on these analyses propose the clipped linear reward function
Hyperparameters in Reinforcement Learning and How To Tune Them	----	ICML23	Exploration of the hyperparameter landscape for commonly-used RL algorithms and environments; Comparison of different types of HPO methods on state-of-the-art RL algorithms and challenging RL environments
Langevin Thompson Sampling with Logarithmic Communication: Bandits and Reinforcement Learning		ICML23
Correcting discount-factor mismatch in on-policy policy gradient methods	----	ICML23	introduce a novel distribution correction to account for the discounted stationary distribution
Reinforcement Learning Can Be More Efficient with Multiple Rewards	----	ICML23	theoretically analyze multi-reward extensions of action-elimination algorithms and prove more favorable instance-dependent regret bounds compared to their single-reward counterparts, both in multi-armed bandits and in tabular Markov decision processes
Performative Reinforcement Learning	----	ICML23	introduce the framework of performative reinforcement learning where the policy chosen by the learner affects the underlying reward and transition dynamics of the environment
Reinforcement Learning with History Dependent Dynamic Contexts	DCMDPs	ICML23	introduce DCMDPs, a novel reinforcement learning framework for history-dependent environments that handles non-Markov environments, where contexts change over time; derive an upper-confidence-bound style algorithm for logistic DCMDPs
On Many-Actions Policy Gradient	MBMA	ICML23	propose MBMA, an approach leveraging dynamics models for many-actions sampling in the context of stochastic policy gradient (SPG). which yields lower bias and comparable variance to SPG estimated from states in model-simulated rollouts
Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimization	----	ICML23	study overoptimization in the context of large language models fine-tuned as reward models trained to predict which of two options a human will prefer; study how the gold reward model score changes as we optimize against the proxy reward model using either reinforcement learning or best-of-n sampling
Bigger, Better, Faster: Human-level Atari with human-level efficiency	BBF	ICML23	rely on scaling the neural networks used for value estimation and a number of other design choices like resetting
Synthetic Experience Replay	SynthER	NeurIPS23	utilize diffusion to augment data in the replay buffer; evaluate in both online RL and offline RL
OMPO: A Unified Framework for RL under Policy and Dynamics Shifts	OMPO	ICML24 oral	consider the distribution discrepancies induced by policy or dynamics shifts; propose a surrogate policy learning objective by considering the transition occupancy discrepancies and then cast it into a tractable min-max optimization problem through dual reformulation

Model Based (Online) RL

Classic Methods

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Value-Aware Loss Function for Model-based Reinforcement Learning	VAML	AISTATS17	propose to train model by using the difference between TD error rather than KL-divergence
Model-Ensemble Trust-Region Policy Optimization	ME-TRPO	ICLR18	analyze the behavior of vanilla MBRL methods with DNN; propose ME-TRPO with two ideas: (i) use an ensemble of models, (ii) use likelihood ratio derivatives; significantly reduce the sample complexity compared to model-free methods
Model-Based Value Expansion for Efficient Model-Free Reinforcement Learning	MVE	ICML18	use a dynamics model to simulate the short-term horizon and Q-learning to estimate the long-term value beyond the simulation horizon; use the trained model and the policy to estimate k-step value function for updating value function
Iterative value-aware model learning	IterVAML	NeurIPS18	replace e the supremum in VAML with the current estimate of the value function
Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Stochastic Ensemble Value Expansion	STEVE	NeurIPS18	an extension to MVE; only utilize roll-outs without introducing significant errors
Deep Reinforcement Learning in a Handful of Trials using Probabilistic Dynamics Models	PETS	NeurIPS18	propose PETS that incorporate uncertainty via an ensemble of bootstrapped models
Algorithmic Framework for Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learning with Theoretical Guarantees	SLBO	ICLR19	propose a novel algorithmic framework for designing and analyzing model-based RL algorithms with theoretical guarantees: provide a lower bound of the true return satisfying some properties s.t. optimizing this lower bound can actually optimize the true return
When to Trust Your Model: Model-Based Policy Optimization	MBPO	NeurIPS19	propose MBPO with monotonic model-based improvement; theoretically discuss how to choose k for model rollouts
Model Based Reinforcement Learning for Atari	SimPLe	ICLR20	first successfully handle ALE benchmark with model-based method with some designs: (i) deterministic Model; (ii) well-designed loss functions; (iii) scheduled sampling; (iv) stochastic Models
Bidirectional Model-based Policy Optimization	BMPO	ICML20	an extension to MBPO; consider both forward dynamics model and backward dynamics model
Context-aware Dynamics Model for Generalization in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	CaDM	ICML20	develop a context-aware dynamics model (CaDM) capable of generalizing across a distribution of environments with varying transition dynamics; introduce a backward dynamics model that predicts a previous state by utilizing a context latent vector
A Game Theoretic Framework for Model Based Reinforcement Learning	PAL, MAL	ICML20	develop a novel framework that casts MBRL as a game between a policy player and a model player; setup a Stackelberg game between the two players
Planning to Explore via Self-Supervised World Models	Plan2Explore	ICML20	propose a self-supervised reinforcement learning agent for addressing two challenges: quick adaptation and expected future novelty
Trust the Model When It Is Confident: Masked Model-based Actor-Critic	M2AC	NeurIPS20	an extension to MBPO; use model rollouts only when the model is confident
The LoCA Regret: A Consistent Metric to Evaluate Model-Based Behavior in Reinforcement Learning	LoCA	NeurIPS20	propose LoCA to measure how quickly a method adapts its policy after the environment is changed from the first task to the second
Generative Temporal Difference Learning for Infinite-Horizon Prediction	GHM, or gamma-model	NeurIPS20	propose gamma-model to make long-horizon predictions without the need to repeatedly apply a single-step model
Models, Pixels, and Rewards: Evaluating Design Trade-offs in Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	----	arXiv2012	study a number of design decisions for the predictive model in visual MBRL algorithms, focusing specifically on methods that use a predictive model for planning
Mastering Atari Games with Limited Data	EfficientZero	NeurIPS21	first achieve super-human performance on Atari games with limited data; propose EfficientZero with three components: (i) use self-supervised learning to learn a temporally consistent environment model, (ii) learn the value prefix in an end-to-end manner, (iii) use the learned model to correct off-policy value targets
On Effective Scheduling of Model-based Reinforcement Learning	AutoMBPO	NeurIPS21	an extension to MBPO; automatically schedule the real data ratio as well as other hyperparameters for MBPO
Model-Advantage and Value-Aware Models for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Bridging the Gap in Theory and Practice	----	arxiv22	bridge the gap in theory and practice of value-aware model learning (VAML) for model-based RL
Value Gradient weighted Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	VaGraM	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider the objective mismatch problem in MBRL; propose VaGraM by rescaling the MSE loss function with gradient information from the current value function estimate
Constrained Policy Optimization via Bayesian World Models	LAMBDA	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider Bayesian model-based methods for CMDP
On-Policy Model Errors in Reinforcement Learning	OPC	ICLR22	consider to combine real-world data and a learned model in order to get the best of both worlds; propose to exploit the real-world data for onpolicy predictions and use the learned model only to generalize to different actions; propose to use on-policy transition data on top of a separately learned model to enable accurate long-term predictions for MBRL
Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Control	TD-MPC	ICML22	propose to use the model only to predice reward; use a policy to accelerate the planning
Causal Dynamics Learning for Task-Independent State Abstraction		ICML22
Mismatched no More: Joint Model-Policy Optimization for Model-Based RL	MnM	NeurIPS22	propose a model-based RL algorithm where the model and policy are jointly optimized with respect to the same objective, which is a lower bound on the expected return under the true environment dynamics, and becomes tight under certain assumptions
Reinforcement Learning with Non-Exponential Discounting	----	NeurIPS22	propose a theory for continuous-time model-based reinforcement learning generalized to arbitrary discount functions; derive a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation characterizing the optimal policy and describe how it can be solved using a collocation method
Simplifying Model-based RL: Learning Representations, Latent-space Models, and Policies with One Objective	ALM	ICLR23	propose a single objective which jointly optimizes the policy, the latent-space model, and the representations produced by the encoder using the same objective: maximize predicted rewards while minimizing the errors in the predicted representations
SpeedyZero: Mastering Atari with Limited Data and Time	SpeedyZero	ICLR23	a distributed RL system built upon EfficientZero with Priority Refresh and Clipped LARS; lead to human-level performances on the Atari benchmark within 35 minutes using only 300k samples
Investigating the role of model-based learning in exploration and transfer		ICML23
STEERING : Stein Information Directed Exploration for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	STEERING	ICML23
Predictable MDP Abstraction for Unsupervised Model-Based RL	PMA	ICML23	apply model-based RL on top of an abstracted, simplified MDP, by restricting unpredictable actions
The Virtues of Laziness in Model-based RL: A Unified Objective and Algorithms		ICML23
Stop Regressing: Training Value Functions via Classification for Scalable Deep RL	HL-Gauss	ICML24 oral	show that training value functions with categorical cross-entropy significantly enhances performance and scalability across various domains, including single-task RL on Atari 2600 games, multi-task RL on Atari with large-scale ResNets, robotic manipulation with Q-transformers, playing Chess without search, and a language-agent Wordle task with high-capacity Transformers, achieving stateof-the-art results on these domains
Trust the Model Where It Trusts Itself: Model-Based Actor-Critic with Uncertainty-Aware Rollout Adaption	MACURA	ICML24	propose an easy-to-tune mechanism for model-based rollout length scheduling

World Models

Title	Method	Conference	Description
World Models, [NeurIPS version]	World Models	NeurIPS18	use an unsupervised manner to learn a compressed spatial and temporal representation of the environment and use the world model to train a very compact and simple policy for solving the required task
Learning latent dynamics for planning from pixels	PlaNet	ICML19	propose PlaNet to learn the environment dynamics from images; the dynamic model consists transition model, observation model, reward model and encoder; use the cross entropy method for selecting actions for planning
Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imagination	Dreamer	ICLR20	solve long-horizon tasks from images purely by latent imagination; test in image-based MuJoCo; propose to use an agent to replace the control algorithm in the PlaNet
Bridging Imagination and Reality for Model-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning	BIRD	NeurIPS20	propose to maximize the mutual information between imaginary and real trajectories so that the policy improvement learned from imaginary trajectories can be easily generalized to real trajectories
Planning to Explore via Self-Supervised World Models	Plan2Explore	ICML20	propose Plan2Explore to self-supervised exploration and fast adaptation to new tasks
Mastering Atari with Discrete World Models	Dreamerv2	ICLR21	solve long-horizon tasks from images purely by latent imagination; test in image-based Atari
Temporal Predictive Coding For Model-Based Planning In Latent Space	TPC	ICML21	propose a temporal predictive coding approach for planning from high-dimensional observations and theoretically analyze its ability to prioritize the encoding of task-relevant information
Learning Task Informed Abstractions	TIA	ICML21	introduce the formalism of Task Informed MDP (TiMDP) that is realized by training two models that learn visual features via cooperative reconstruction, but one model is adversarially dissociated from the reward signal
Dreaming: Model-based Reinforcement Learning by Latent Imagination without Reconstruction	Dreaming	ICRA21	propose a decoder-free extension of Dreamer since the autoencoding based approach often causes object vanishing
Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Imagination with Derived Memory	IDM	NeurIPS21	hope to improve the diversity of imagination for model-based policy optimization with the derived memory; point out that current methods cannot effectively enrich the imagination if the latent state is disturbed by random noises
Maximum Entropy Model-based Reinforcement Learning	MaxEnt Dreamer	NeurIPS21	create a connection between exploration methods and model-based reinforcement learning; apply maximum-entropy exploration for Dreamer
Discovering and Achieving Goals via World Models	LEXA	NeurIPS21	unsupervised train both an explorer and an achiever policy via imagined rollouts in world models; after the unsupervised phase, solve tasks specified as goal images zero-shot without any additional learning
TransDreamer: Reinforcement Learning with Transformer World Models	TransDreamer	arxiv2202	replace the RNN in RSSM by a transformer
DreamerPro: Reconstruction-Free Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Prototypical Representations	DreamerPro	ICML22	consider reconstruction-free MBRL; propose to learn the prototypes from the recurrent states of the world model, thereby distilling temporal structures from past observations and actions into the prototypes.
Towards Evaluating Adaptivity of Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Methods	----	ICML22	introduce an improved version of the LoCA setup and use it to evaluate PlaNet and Dreamerv2
Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videos	APV	ICML22	pre-train an action-free latent video prediction model using videos from different domains, and then fine-tune the pre-trained model on target domains
Denoised MDPs: Learning World Models Better Than the World Itself	Denoised MDP	ICML22	divide information into four categories: controllable/uncontrollable (whether infected by the action) and reward-relevant/irrelevant (whether affects the return); propose to only consider information which is controllable and reward-relevant
DreamingV2: Reinforcement Learning with Discrete World Models without Reconstruction	Dreamingv2	arxiv2203	adopt both the discrete representation of DreamerV2 and the reconstruction-free objective of Dreaming
Masked World Models for Visual Control	MWM	arxiv2206	decouple visual representation learning and dynamics learning for visual model-based RL and use masked autoencoder to train visual representation
DayDreamer: World Models for Physical Robot Learning	DayDreamer	arxiv2206	apply Dreamer to 4 robots to learn online and directly in the real world, without any simulators
Iso-Dream: Isolating Noncontrollable Visual Dynamics in World Models	Iso-Dream	NeurIPS22	consider noncontrollable dynamics independent of the action signals; encourage the world model to learn controllable and noncontrollable sources of spatiotemporal changes on isolated state transition branches; optimize the behavior of the agent on the decoupled latent imaginations of the world model
Learning General World Models in a Handful of Reward-Free Deployments	CASCADE	NeurIPS22	introduce the reward-free deployment efficiency setting to facilitate generalization (exploration should be task agnostic) and scalability (exploration policies should collect large quantities of data without costly centralized retraining); propose an information theoretic objective inspired by Bayesian Active Learning by specifically maximizing the diversity of trajectories sampled by the population through a novel cascading objective
Learning Robust Dynamics through Variational Sparse Gating	VSG, SVSG, BBS	NeurIPS22	consider to sparsely update the latent states at each step; develope a new partially-observable and stochastic environment, called BringBackShapes (BBS)
Transformers are Sample Efficient World Models	IRIS	ICLR23 oral	use a discrete autoencoder and an autoregressive Transformer to conduct World Models and significantly improve the data efficiency in Atari (2 hours of real-time experience); [code]
Transformer-based World Models Are Happy With 100k Interactions	TWM	ICLR23	present a new autoregressive world model based on the Transformer-XL; obtain excellent results on the Atari 100k benchmark; [code]
Dynamic Update-to-Data Ratio: Minimizing World Model Overfitting	DUTD	ICLR23	propose a new general method that dynamically adjusts the update to data (UTD) ratio during training based on underand overfitting detection on a small subset of the continuously collected experience not used for training; apply this method in DreamerV2
Evaluating Long-Term Memory in 3D Mazes	Memory Maze	ICLR23	introduce the Memory Maze, a 3D domain of randomized mazes specifically designed for evaluating long-term memory in agents, including an online reinforcement learning benchmark, a diverse offline dataset, and an offline probing evaluation; [code]
Mastering Diverse Domains through World Models	DreamerV3	arxiv2301	propose DreamerV3 to handle a wide range of domains, including continuous and discrete actions, visual and low-dimensional inputs, 2D and 3D worlds, different data budgets, reward frequencies, and reward scales
Task Aware Dreamer for Task Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	TAD	arXiv2303	propose Task Distribution Relevance to capture the relevance of the task distribution quantitatively; propose TAD to use world models to improve task generalization via encoding reward signals into policies
Reparameterized Policy Learning for Multimodal Trajectory Optimization	RPG	ICML23 oral	propose a principled framework that models the continuous RL policy as a generative model of optimal trajectories; present RPG to leverages the multimodal policy parameterization and learned world model to achieve strong exploration capabilities and high data efficiency
Mastering the Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning Benchmark from Pixels	Dyna-MPC	ICML23 oral	utilize unsupervised model-based RL for pre-training the agent; finetune downstream tasks via a task-aware finetuning strategy combined with a hybrid planner, Dyna-MPC
Posterior Sampling for Deep Reinforcement Learning	PSDRL	ICML23	combine efficient uncertainty quantification over latent state space models with a specially tailored continual planning algorithm based on value-function approximation
Model-based Reinforcement Learning with Scalable Composite Policy Gradient Estimators	TPX	ICML23	propose Total Propagation X, the first composite gradient estimation algorithm using inverse variance weighting that is demonstrated to be applicable at scale; combine TPX with Dreamer
Go Beyond Imagination: Maximizing Episodic Reachability with World Models	GoBI	ICML23	combine the traditional lifelong novelty motivation with an episodic intrinsic reward that is designed to maximize the stepwise reachability expansion; apply learned world models to generate predicted future states with random actions
Simplified Temporal Consistency Reinforcement Learning	TCRL	ICML23	propose a simple representation learning approach relying only on a latent dynamics model trained by latent temporal consistency and it is sufficient for high-performance RL
Do Embodied Agents Dream of Pixelated Sheep: Embodied Decision Making using Language Guided World Modelling	DECKARD	ICML23	hypothesize an Abstract World Model (AWM) over subgoals by few-shot prompting an LLM
Demonstration-free Autonomous Reinforcement Learning via Implicit and Bidirectional Curriculum		ICML23
Curious Replay for Model-based Adaptation	CR	ICML23	aid model-based RL agent adaptation by prioritizing replay of experiences the agent knows the least about
Multi-View Masked World Models for Visual Robotic Manipulation	MV-MWM	ICML23	train a multi-view masked autoencoder that reconstructs pixels of randomly masked viewpoints and then learn a world model operating on the representations from the autoencoder
Facing off World Model Backbones: RNNs, Transformers, and S4	S4WM	NeurIPS23	propose the first S4-based world model that can generate high-dimensional image sequences through latent imagination

CodeBase

Title	Conference	Methods	Github
MBRL-Lib: A Modular Library for Model-based Reinforcement Learning	arxiv21	MBPO,PETS,PlaNet	link

(Model Free) Offline RL

Current Methods

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning without Exploration	BCQ	ICML19	show that off-policy methods perform badly because of extrapolation error; propose batch-constrained reinforcement learning: maximizing the return as well as minimizing the mismatch between the state-action visitation of the policy and the state-action pairs contained in the batch
Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning	CQL	NeurIPS20	propose CQL with conservative q function, which is a lower bound of its true value, since standard off-policy methods will overestimate the value function
Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problems	----	arxiv20	tutorial about methods, applications and open problems of offline rl
Uncertainty-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Diversified Q-Ensemble		NeurIPS21
A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learning	TD3+BC	NeurIPS21	propsoe to add a behavior cloning term to regularize the policy, and normalize the states over the dataset
DR3: Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Requires Explicit Regularization	DR3	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider the implicit regularization effect of SGD in RL; based on theoretical analyses, propose an explicit regularizer, called DR3, and combine with offline RL methods
Pessimistic Bootstrapping for Uncertainty-Driven Offline Reinforcement Learning	PBRL	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider the distributional shift and extrapolation error in offline RL; propose PBRL with bootstrapping, for uncertainty quantification, and an OOD sampling method as a regularizer
COptiDICE: Offline Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation	COptiDICE	ICLR22 Spotlight	consider offline constrained reinforcement learning; propose COptiDICE to directly optimize the distribution of state-action pair with contraints
Offline Reinforcement Learning with Value-based Episodic Memory	EVL, VEM	ICLR22	present a new offline V -learning method to learn the value function through the trade-offs between imitation learning and optimal value learning; use a memory-based planning scheme to enhance advantage estimation and conduct policy learning in a regression manner
Offline reinforcement learning with implicit Q-learning	IQL	ICLR22	propose to learn an optimal policy with in-sample learning, without ever querying the values of any unseen actions
Offline RL Policies Should Be Trained to be Adaptive	APE-V	ICML22 oral	show that learning from an offline dataset does not fully specify the environment; formally demonstrate the necessity of adaptation in offline RL by using the Bayesian formalism and to provide a practical algorithm for learning optimally adaptive policies; propose an ensemble-based offline RL algorithm that imbues policies with the ability to adapt within an episode
When Data Geometry Meets Deep Function: Generalizing Offline Reinforcement Learning	DOGE	ICLR23	train a state-conditioned distance function that can be readily plugged into standard actor-critic methods as a policy constraint
Jump-Start Reinforcement Learning	JSRL	ICML23	consider the setting that employs two policies to solve tasks: a guide-policy, and an exploration-policy; bootstrap an RL algorithm by gradually “rolling in” with the guide-policy

Combined with Diffusion Models

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesis	Diffuser	ICML22 oral	first propose a denoising diffusion model designed for trajectory data and an associated probabilistic framework for behavior synthesis; demonstrate that Diffuser has a number of useful properties and is particularly effective in offline control settings that require long-horizon reasoning and test-time flexibility
Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision Making?		ICLR23 oral
Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning	Diffusion-QL	ICLR23	perform policy regularization using diffusion (or scorebased) models; utilize a conditional diffusion model to represent the policy
Offline Reinforcement Learning via High-Fidelity Generative Behavior Modeling	SfBC	ICLR23	decouple the learned policy into two parts: an expressive generative behavior model and an action evaluation model
AdaptDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Adaptive Self-evolving Planners	AdaptDiffuser	ICML23 oral	propose AdaptDiffuser, an evolutionary planning method with diffusion that can self-evolve to improve the diffusion model hence a better planner, which can also adapt to unseen tasks
Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	EDIS	ICML24	utilizes a diffusion model to extract prior knowledge from the offline dataset and employs energy functions to distill this knowledge for enhanced data generation in the online phase; formulate three distinct energy functions to guide the diffusion sampling process for the distribution alignment
DIDI: Diffusion-Guided Diversity for Offline Behavioral Generation	DIDI	ICML24	propose to learn a diverse set of skills from a mixture of label-free offline data

Model Based Offline RL

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Deployment-Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Model-Based Offline Optimization	BREMEN	ICLR20	propose deployment efficiency, to count the number of changes in the data-collection policy during learning (offline: 1, online: no limit); propose BERMEN with an ensemble of dynamics models for off-policy and offline rl
MOPO: Model-based Offline Policy Optimization	MOPO	NeurIPS20	observe that existing model-based RL algorithms can improve the performance of offline RL compared with model free RL algorithms; design MOPO by extending MBPO on uncertainty-penalized MDPs (new_reward = reward - uncertainty)
MOReL: Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning	MOReL	NeurIPS20	present MOReL for model-based offline RL, including two steps: (a) learning a pessimistic MDP, (b) learning a near-optimal policy in this P-MDP
Model-Based Offline Planning	MBOP	ICLR21	learn a model for planning
Representation Balancing Offline Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	RepB-SDE	ICLR21	focus on learning the representation for a robust model of the environment under the distribution shift and extend RepBM to deal with the curse of horizon; propose RepB-SDE framework for off-policy evaluation and offline rl
Conservative Objective Models for Effective Offline Model-Based Optimization	COMs	ICML21	consider offline model-based optimization (MBO, optimize an unknown function only with some samples); add a regularizer (resemble adversarial training methods) to the objective forlearning conservative objective models
COMBO: Conservative Offline Model-Based Policy Optimization	COMBO	NeurIPS21	try to optimize a lower bound of performance without considering uncertainty quantification; extend CQL with model-based methods
Weighted Model Estimation for Offline Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	----	NeurIPS21	address the covariate shift issue by re-weighting the model losses for different datapoints
Revisiting Design Choices in Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR22 Spotlight	conduct a rigorous investigation into a series of these design choices for Model-based Offline RL
Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesis	Diffuser	ICML22 oral	first design a denoising diffusion model for trajectory data and an associated probabilistic framework for behavior synthesis
Learning Temporally Abstract World Models without Online Experimentation	OPOSM	ICML23	present an approach for simultaneously learning sets of skills and temporally abstract, skill-conditioned world models purely from offline data, enabling agents to perform zero-shot online planning of skill sequences for new tasks

Meta RL

Title	Method	Conference	Description
RL2 : Fast reinforcement learning via slow reinforcement learning	RL2	arxiv16	view the learning process of the agent itself as an objective; structure the agent as a recurrent neural network to store past rewards, actions, observations and termination flags for adapting to the task at hand when deployed
Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networks	MAML	ICML17	propose a general framework for different learning problems, including classification, regression andreinforcement learning; the main idea is to optimize the parameters to quickly adapt to new tasks (with a few steps of gradient descent)
Meta reinforcement learning with latent variable gaussian processes	----	arxiv18
Learning to adapt in dynamic, real-world environments through meta-reinforcement learning	ReBAL, GrBAL	ICLR18	consider learning online adaptation in the context of model-based reinforcement learning
Meta-Learning by Adjusting Priors Based on Extended PAC-Bayes Theory	----	ICML18	extend various PAC-Bayes bounds to meta learning
Meta reinforcement learning of structured exploration strategies		NeurIPS18
Meta-learning surrogate models for sequential decision making		arxiv19
Efficient Off-Policy Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Probabilistic Context Variables	PEARL	ICML19	encode past tasks’ experience with probabilistic latent context and use inference network to estimate the posterior
Fast context adaptation via meta-learning	CAVIA	ICML19	propose CAVIA as an extension to MAML that is less prone to meta-overfitting, easier to parallelise, and more interpretable; partition the model parameters into two parts: context parameters and shared parameters, and only update the former one in the test stage
Taming MAML: Efficient Unbiased Meta-Reinforcement Learning		ICML19
Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learning	Meta World	CoRL19	an envoriment for meta RL as well as multi-task RL
Guided meta-policy search	GMPS	NeurIPS19	consider the sample efficiency during the meta-training process by using supervised imitation learning;
Meta-Q-Learning	MQL	ICLR20	an off-policy algorithm for meta RL andbuilds upon three simple ideas: (i) Q Learning with context variable represented by pasttrajectories is competitive with SOTA; (ii) Multi-task objective is useful for meta RL; (iii) Past data from the meta-training replay buffer can be recycled
Varibad: A very good method for bayes-adaptive deep RL via meta-learning	variBAD	ICLR20	represent a single MDP M using a learned, low-dimensional stochastic latent variable m; jointly meta-train a variational auto-encoder that can infer the posterior distribution over m in a new task, and a policy that conditions on this posterior belief over MDP embeddings
On the global optimality of modelagnostic meta-learning, ICML version	----	ICML20	characterize the optimality gap of the stationary points attained by MAML for both rl and sl
Meta-reinforcement learning robust to distributional shift via model identification and experience relabeling	MIER	arxiv20
FOCAL: Efficient fully-offline meta-reinforcement learning via distance metric learning and behavior regularization	FOCAL	ICLR21	first consider offline meta-reinforcement learning; propose FOCAL based on PEARL
Offline meta reinforcement learning with advantage weighting	MACAW	ICML21	introduce the offline meta reinforcement learning problem setting; propose an optimization-based meta-learning algorithm named MACAW that uses simple, supervised regression objectives for both the inner and outer loop of meta-training
Improving Generalization in Meta-RL with Imaginary Tasks from Latent Dynamics Mixture	LDM	NeurIPS21	aim to train an agent that prepares for unseen test tasks during training, propose to train a policy on mixture tasks along with original training tasks for preventing the agent from overfitting the training tasks
Unifying Gradient Estimators for Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Off-Policy Evaluation	----	NeurIPS21	present a unified framework for estimating higher-order derivatives of value functions, based on the concept of off-policy evaluation, for gradient-based meta rl
Generalization of Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning Algorithms: Recurring and Unseen Tasks	----	NeurIPS21
Offline Meta Learning of Exploration, Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning -- Identifiability Challenges and Effective Data Collection Strategies	BOReL	NeurIPS21
On the Convergence Theory of Debiased Model-Agnostic Meta-Reinforcement Learning	SG-MRL	NeurIPS21
Hindsight Task Relabelling: Experience Replay for Sparse Reward Meta-RL	----	NeurIPS21
Generalization Bounds for Meta-Learning via PAC-Bayes and Uniform Stability	----	NeurIPS21	provide generalization bound on meta-learning by combining PAC-Bayes thchnique and uniform stability
Bootstrapped Meta-Learning	BMG	ICLR22 Oral	propose BMG to let the metalearner teach itself for tackling ill-conditioning problems and myopic metaobjectives in meta learning; BGM introduces meta-bootstrap to mitigate myopia and formulate the meta-objective in terms of minimising distance to control curvature
Model-Based Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Regularization	MerPO, RAC	ICLR22	empirically point out that offline Meta-RL could be outperformed by offline single-task RL methods on tasks with good quality of datasets; consider how to learn an informative offline meta-policy in order to achieve the optimal tradeoff between “exploring” the out-of-distribution state-actions by following the meta-policy and “exploiting” the offline dataset by staying close to the behavior policy; propose MerPO which learns a meta-model for efficient task structure inference and an informative meta-policy for safe exploration of out-of-distribution state-actions
Skill-based Meta-Reinforcement Learning	SiMPL	ICLR22	propose a method that jointly leverages (i) a large offline dataset of prior experience collected across many tasks without reward or task annotations and (ii) a set of meta-training tasks to learn how to quickly solve unseen long-horizon tasks.
Hindsight Foresight Relabeling for Meta-Reinforcement Learning	HFR	ICLR22	focus on improving the sample efficiency of the meta-training phase via data sharing; combine relabeling techniques with meta-RL algorithms in order to boost both sample efficiency and asymptotic performance
CoMPS: Continual Meta Policy Search	CoMPS	ICLR22	first formulate the continual meta-RL setting, where the agent interacts with a single task at a time and, once finished with a task, never interacts with it again
Learning a subspace of policies for online adaptation in Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR22	consider the setting with just a single train environment; propose an approach where we learn a subspace of policies within the parameter space
an adaptive deep rl method for non-stationary environments with piecewise stable context	SeCBAD	NeurIPS22	introduce latent situational MDP with piecewise-stable context; jointly infer the belief distribution over latent context with the posterior over segment length and perform more accurate belief context inference with observed data within the current context segment
Model-based Meta Reinforcement Learning using Graph Structured Surrogate Models and Amortized Policy Search	GSSM	ICML22	consider model-based meta reinforcement learning, which consists of dynamics model learning and policy optimization; develop a graph structured dynamics model with superior generalization capability across tasks
Meta-Learning Hypothesis Spaces for Sequential Decision-making	Meta-KeL	ICML22	argue that two critical capabilities of transformers, reason over long-term dependencies and present context-dependent weights from self-attention, compose the central role of a Meta-Reinforcement Learner; propose Meta-LeL for meta-learning the hypothesis space of a sequential decision task
Transformers are Meta-Reinforcement Learners	TrMRL	ICML22	propose TrMRL, a memory-based meta-Reinforcement Learner which uses the transformer architecture to formulate the learning process;
ContraBAR: Contrastive Bayes-Adaptive Deep RL	ContraBAR	ICML23	investigate whether contrastive methods, like contrastive predictive coding, can be used for learning Bayes-optimal behavior

Adversarial RL

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Adversarial Attacks on Neural Network Policies	----	ICLR 2017 workshop	first show that existing rl policies coupled with deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial noises in white-box and black-box settings
Delving into Adversarial Attacks on Deep Policies	----	ICLR 2017 workshop	show rl algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial noises; show adversarial training can improve robustness
Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning	RARL	ICML17	formulate the robust policy learning as a zero-sum, minimax objective function
Stealthy and Efficient Adversarial Attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning	Critical Point Attack, Antagonist Attack	AAAI20	critical point attack: build a model to predict the future environmental states and agent’s actions for attacking; antagonist attack: automatically learn a domain-agnostic model for attacking
Safe Reinforcement Learning in Constrained Markov Decision Processes	SNO-MDP	ICML20	explore and optimize Markov decision processes under unknown safety constraints
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning Against Adversarial Perturbations on State Observations	SA-MDP	NeurIPS20	formalize adversarial attack on state observation as SA-MDP; propose some novel attack methods: Robust SARSA and Maximal Action Difference; propose a defence framework and some practical methods: SA-DQN, SA-PPO and SA-DDPG
Robust Reinforcement Learning on State Observations with Learned Optimal Adversary	ATLA	ICLR21	use rl algorithms to train an "optimal" adversary; alternatively train "optimal" adversary and robust agent
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning through Adversarial Loss	RADIAL-RL	NeurIPS21	propose a robust rl framework, which penalizes the overlap between output bounds of actions; propose a more efficient evaluation method (GWC) to measure attack agnostic robustness
Policy Smoothing for Provably Robust Reinforcement Learning	Policy Smoothing	ICLR22	introduce randomized smoothing into RL; propose adaptive Neyman-Person Lemma
CROP: Certifying Robust Policies for Reinforcement Learning through Functional Smoothing	CROP	ICLR22	present a framework of Certifying Robust Policies for RL (CROP) against adversarial state perturbations with two certification criteria: robustness of per-state actions and lower bound of cumulative rewards; theoretically prove the certification radius; conduct experiments to provide certification for six empirically robust RL algorithms on Atari
Understanding Adversarial Attacks on Observations in Deep Reinforcement Learning	----	SCIS 2023	summarize current optimization-based adversarial attacks in RL; propose a two-stage methods: train a deceptive policy and mislead the victim to imitate the deceptive policy
Consistent Attack: Universal Adversarial Perturbation on Embodied Vision Navigation	Reward UAP, Trajectory UAP	PRL 2023	extend universal adversarial perturbations into sequential decision and propose Reward UAP as well as Trajectory UAP via utilizing the dynamic; experiment in Embodied Vision Navigation tasks

Genaralisation in RL

Environments

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Quantifying Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	CoinRun	ICML19	introduce a new environment called CoinRun for generalisation in RL; empirically show L2 regularization, dropout, data augmentation and batch normalization can improve generalization in RL
Leveraging Procedural Generation to Benchmark Reinforcement Learning	Procgen Benchmark	ICML20	introduce Procgen Benchmark, a suite of 16 procedurally generated game-like environments designed to benchmark both sample efficiency and generalization in reinforcement learning

Methods

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Towards Generalization and Simplicity in Continuous Control	----	NeurIPS17	policies with simple linear and RBF parameterizations can be trained to solve a variety of widely studied continuous control tasks; training with a diverse initial state distribution induces more global policies with better generalization
Universal Planning Networks	UPN	ICML18	study a model-based architecture that performs a differentiable planning computation in a latent space jointly learned with forward dynamics, trained end-to-end to encode what is necessary for solving tasks by gradient-based planning
On the Generalization Gap in Reparameterizable Reinforcement Learning	----	ICML19	theoretically provide guarantees on the gap between the expected and empirical return for both intrinsic and external errors in reparameterizable RL
Investigating Generalisation in Continuous Deep Reinforcement Learning	----	arxiv19	study generalisation in Deep RL for continuous control
Generalization in Reinforcement Learning with Selective Noise Injection and Information Bottleneck	SNI	NeurIPS19	consder regularization techniques relying on the injection of noise into the learned function for improving generalization; hope to maintain the regularizing effect of the injected noise and mitigate its adverse effects on the gradient quality
Network randomization: A simple technique for generalization in deep reinforcement learning	Network Randomization	ICLR20	introduce a randomized (convolutional) neural network that randomly perturbs input observations, which enables trained agents to adapt to new domains by learning robust features invariant across varied and randomized environments
Observational Overfitting in Reinforcement Learning	observational overfitting	ICLR20	discuss realistic instances where observational overfitting may occur and its difference from other confounding factors, and design a parametric theoretical framework to induce observational overfitting that can be applied to any underlying MDP
Context-aware Dynamics Model for Generalization in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	CaDM	ICML20	decompose the task of learning a global dynamics model into two stages: (a) learning a context latent vector that captures the local dynamics, then (b) predicting the next state conditioned on it
Improving Generalization in Reinforcement Learning with Mixture Regularization	mixreg	NeurIPS20	train agents on a mixture of observations from different training environments and imposes linearity constraints on the observation interpolations and the supervision (e.g. associated reward) interpolations
Instance based Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	IPAE	NeurIPS20	formalize the concept of training levels as instances and show that this instance-based view is fully consistent with the standard POMDP formulation; provide generalization bounds to the value gap in train and test environments based on the number of training instances, and use insights based on these to improve performance on unseen levels
Contrastive Behavioral Similarity Embeddings for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	PSM	ICLR21	incorporate the inherent sequential structure in reinforcement learning into the representation learning process to improve generalization; introduce a theoretically motivated policy similarity metric (PSM) for measuring behavioral similarity between states
Generalization in Reinforcement Learning by Soft Data Augmentation	SODA	ICRA21	imposes a soft constraint on the encoder that aims to maximize the mutual information between latent representations of augmented and non-augmented data,
Augmented World Models Facilitate Zero-Shot Dynamics Generalization From a Single Offline Environment	AugWM	ICML21	consider the setting named "dynamics generalization from a single offline environment" and concentrate on the zero-shot performance to unseen dynamics; propose dynamics augmentation for model based offline RL; propose a simple self-supervised context adaptation reward-free algorithm
Decoupling Value and Policy for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	IDAAC	ICML21	decouples the optimization of the policy and value function, using separate networks to model them; introduce an auxiliary loss which encourages the representation to be invariant to task-irrelevant properties of the environment
Why Generalization in RL is Difficult: Epistemic POMDPs and Implicit Partial Observability	LEEP	NeurIPS21	generalisation in RL induces implicit partial observability; propose LEEP to use an ensemble of policies to approximately learn the Bayes-optimal policy for maximizing test-time performance
Automatic Data Augmentation for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	DrAC	NeurIPS21	focus on automatic data augmentation based two novel regularization terms for the policy and value function
When Is Generalizable Reinforcement Learning Tractable?	----	NeurIPS21	propose Weak Proximity and Strong Proximity for theoretically analyzing the generalisation of RL
A Survey of Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learning	----	arxiv21	provide a unifying formalism and terminology for discussing different generalisation problems
Cross-Trajectory Representation Learning for Zero-Shot Generalization in RL	CTRL	ICLR22	consider zero-shot generalization (ZSG); use self-supervised learning to learn a representation across tasks
The Role of Pretrained Representations for the OOD Generalization of RL Agents	----	ICLR22	train 240 representations and 11,520 downstream policies and systematically investigate their performance under a diverse range of distribution shifts; find that a specific representation metric that measures the generalization of a simple downstream proxy task reliably predicts the generalization of downstream RL agents under the broad spectrum of OOD settings considered here
Generalisation in Lifelong Reinforcement Learning through Logical Composition	----	ICLR22	e leverage logical composition in reinforcement learning to create a framework that enables an agent to autonomously determine whether a new task can be immediately solved using its existing abilities, or whether a task-specific skill should be learned
Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	CLOP	ICLR22	introduce a new regularization technique consisting of channel-consistent local permutations of the feature maps
A Generalist Agent	Gato	arxiv2205	slide
Towards Safe Reinforcement Learning via Constraining Conditional Value at Risk	CPPO	IJCAI22	find the connection between modifying observations and dynamics, which are structurally different
CtrlFormer: Learning Transferable State Representation for Visual Control via Transformer	CtrlFormer	ICML22	jointly learns self-attention mechanisms between visual tokens and policy tokens among different control tasks, where multitask representation can be learned and transferred without catastrophic forgetting
Learning Dynamics and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	----	ICML22	show theoretically that temporal difference learning encourages agents to fit non-smooth components of the value function early in training, and at the same time induces the second-order effect of discouraging generalization
Improving Policy Optimization with Generalist-Specialist Learning	GSL	ICML22	hope to utilize experiences from the specialists to aid the policy optimization of the generalist; propose the phenomenon “catastrophic ignorance” in multi-task learning
DRIBO: Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning via Multi-View Information Bottleneck	DRIBO	ICML22	learn robust representations that encode only task-relevant information from observations based on the unsupervised multi-view setting; introduce a novel contrastive version of the Multi-View Information Bottleneck (MIB) objective for temporal data
Generalizing Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Variational Causal Reasoning	GRADER	NeurIPS22	use the causal graph as a latent variable to reformulate the GCRL problem and then derive an iterative training framework from solving this problem
Rethinking Value Function Learning for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	DCPG, DDCPG	NeurIPS22	consider to train agents on multiple training environments to improve observational generalization performance; identify that the value network in the multiple-environment setting is more challenging to optimize; propose regularization methods that penalize large estimates of the value network for preventing overfitting
Masked Autoencoding for Scalable and Generalizable Decision Making	MaskDP	NeurIPS22	employ a masked autoencoder (MAE) to state-action trajectories for reinforcement learning (RL) and behavioral cloning (BC) and gain the capability of zero-shot transfer to new tasks
Pre-Trained Image Encoder for Generalizable Visual Reinforcement Learning	PIE-G	NeurIPS22	find that the early layers in an ImageNet pre-trained ResNet model could provide rather generalizable representations for visual RL
Look where you look! Saliency-guided Q-networks for visual RL tasks	SGQN	NeurIPS22	propose that a good visual policy should be able to identify which pixels are important for its decision; preserve this identification of important sources of information across images
Human-Timescale Adaptation in an Open-Ended Task Space	AdA	arXiv 2301	demonstrate that training an RL agent at scale leads to a general in-context learning algorithm that can adapt to open-ended novel embodied 3D problems as quickly as humans
In-context Reinforcement Learning with Algorithm Distillation	AD	ICLR23 oral	propose Algorithm Distillation for distilling reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms into neural networks by modeling their training histories with a causal sequence model
Performance Bounds for Model and Policy Transfer in Hidden-parameter MDPs	----	ICLR23	show that, given a fixed amount of pretraining data, agents trained with more variations are able to generalize better; find that increasing the capacity of the value and policy network is critical to achieve good performance
Investigating Multi-task Pretraining and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	----	ICLR23	find that, given a fixed amount of pretraining data, agents trained with more variations are able to generalize better; this advantage can still be present after fine-tuning for 200M environment frames than when doing zero-shot transfer
Cross-domain Random Pre-training with Prototypes for Reinforcement Learning	CRPTpro	arXiv2302	use prototypical representation learning with a novel intrinsic loss to pre-train an effective and generic encoder across different domains
Task Aware Dreamer for Task Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	TAD	arXiv2303	propose Task Distribution Relevance to capture the relevance of the task distribution quantitatively; propose TAD to use world models to improve task generalization via encoding reward signals into policies
The Benefits of Model-Based Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	----	ICML23	provide theoretical and empirical insight into when, and how, we can expect data generated by a learned model to be useful
Multi-Environment Pretraining Enables Transfer to Action Limited Datasets	ALPT	ICML23	given n source environments with fully action labelled dataset, consider offline RL in the target environment with a small action labelled dataset and a large dataset without action labels; utilize inverse dynamics model to learn a representation that generalizes well to the limited action data from the target environment
In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Variable Action Spaces	Headless-AD	ICML24	extend Algorithm Distillation to environments with variable discrete action spaces

RL with Transformer

Title	Method	Conference	Description
Stabilizing transformers for reinforcement learning	GTrXL	ICML20	stabilizing training with a reordering of the layer normalization coupled with the addition of a new gating mechanism to key points in the submodules of the transformer
Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modeling	DT	NeurIPS21	regard RL as a sequence generation task and use transformer to generate (return-to-go, state, action, return-to-go, ...); there is not explicit optimization process; evaluate on Offline RL
Offline Reinforcement Learning as One Big Sequence Modeling Problem	TT	NeurIPS21	regard RL as a sequence generation task and use transformer to generate (s_0^0, ..., s_0^N, a_0^0, ..., a_0^M, r_0, ...); use beam search to inference; evaluate on imitation learning, goal-conditioned RL and Offline RL
Can Wikipedia Help Offline Reinforcement Learning?	ChibiT	arxiv2201	demonstrate that pre-training on autoregressively modeling natural language provides consistent performance gains when compared to the Decision Transformer on both the popular OpenAI Gym and Atari
Online Decision Transformer	ODT	ICML22 oral	blends offline pretraining with online finetuning in a unified framework; use sequence-level entropy regularizers in conjunction with autoregressive modeling objectives for sample-efficient exploration and finetuning
Prompting Decision Transformer for Few-shot Policy Generalization		ICML22
Multi-Game Decision Transformers	----	NeurIPS22	show that a single transformer-based model trained purely offline can play a suite of up to 46 Atari games simultaneously at close-to-human performance
Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learning	GLAM	ICML23	consider an agent using an LLM as a policy that is progressively updated as the agent interacts with the environment, leveraging online Reinforcement Learning to improve its performance to solve goals

Tutorial and Lesson

Tutorial and Lesson
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction, Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning with David Silver
Deep Reinforcement Learning, CS285
Deep Reinforcement Learning and Control, CMU 10703
RLChina

ICLR22

Paper	Type
Bootstrapped Meta-Learning	oral
The Information Geometry of Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	oral
SO(2)-Equivariant Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
CoBERL: Contrastive BERT for Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Understanding and Preventing Capacity Loss in Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
On Lottery Tickets and Minimal Task Representations in Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Reinforcement Learning with Sparse Rewards using Guidance from Offline Demonstration	spotlight
Sample Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning via Uncertainty Estimation	spotlight
Generative Planning for Temporally Coordinated Exploration in Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
When should agents explore?	spotlight
Revisiting Design Choices in Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DR3: Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Requires Explicit Regularization	spotlight
Pessimistic Bootstrapping for Uncertainty-Driven Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
COptiDICE: Offline Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation	spotlight
Value Gradient weighted Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Constrained Policy Optimization via Bayesian World Models	spotlight
Cross-Trajectory Representation Learning for Zero-Shot Generalization in RL	poster
The Role of Pretrained Representations for the OOD Generalization of RL Agents	poster
Generalisation in Lifelong Reinforcement Learning through Logical Composition	poster
Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Policy Smoothing for Provably Robust Reinforcement Learning	poster
CROP: Certifying Robust Policies for Reinforcement Learning through Functional Smoothing	poster
Model-Based Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Regularization	poster
Skill-based Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
Hindsight Foresight Relabeling for Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
CoMPS: Continual Meta Policy Search	poster
Learning a subspace of policies for online adaptation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Pessimistic Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning under Partial Coverage	poster
Pareto Policy Pool for Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Offline Reinforcement Learning with Value-based Episodic Memory	poster
Offline reinforcement learning with implicit Q-learning	poster
On-Policy Model Errors in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Maximum Entropy RL (Provably) Solves Some Robust RL Problems	poster
Maximizing Ensemble Diversity in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Maximum Entropy RL (Provably) Solves Some Robust RL Problems	poster
Learning Generalizable Representations for Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Meta-learner of Behavioral Similarities	poster
Lipschitz Constrained Unsupervised Skill Discovery	poster
Learning more skills through optimistic exploration	poster

ICML22

Paper	Type
Online Decision Transformer	oral
The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Control	oral
The Importance of Non-Markovianity in Maximum State Entropy Exploration	oral
Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesis	oral
Adversarially Trained Actor Critic for Offline Reinforcement Learning	oral
Learning Bellman Complete Representations for Offline Policy Evaluation	oral
Offline RL Policies Should Be Trained to be Adaptive	oral
Large Batch Experience Replay	oral
Do Differentiable Simulators Give Better Gradients for Policy Optimization?	oral
Federated Reinforcement Learning: Communication-Efficient Algorithms and Convergence Analysis	oral
An Analytical Update Rule for General Policy Optimization	oral
Generalised Policy Improvement with Geometric Policy Composition	oral
Prompting Decision Transformer for Few-shot Policy Generalization	poster
CtrlFormer: Learning Transferable State Representation for Visual Control via Transformer	poster
Learning Dynamics and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Improving Policy Optimization with Generalist-Specialist Learning	poster
DRIBO: Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning via Multi-View Information Bottleneck	poster
Policy Gradient Method For Robust Reinforcement Learning	poster
SAUTE RL: Toward Almost Surely Safe Reinforcement Learning Using State Augmentation	poster
Constrained Variational Policy Optimization for Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning through Bootstrapped Opportunistic Curriculum	poster
Distributionally Robust Q-Learning	poster
Robust Meta-learning with Sampling Noise and Label Noise via Eigen-Reptile	poster
DRIBO: Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning via Multi-View Information Bottleneck	poster
Model-based Meta Reinforcement Learning using Graph Structured Surrogate Models and Amortized Policy Search	poster
Meta-Learning Hypothesis Spaces for Sequential Decision-making	poster
Biased Gradient Estimate with Drastic Variance Reduction for Meta Reinforcement Learning	poster
Transformers are Meta-Reinforcement Learners	poster
Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Online Self-Supervision	poster
Regularizing a Model-based Policy Stationary Distribution to Stabilize Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Pessimistic Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning: Towards Optimal Sample Complexity	poster
How to Leverage Unlabeled Data in Offline Reinforcement Learning?	poster
On the Role of Discount Factor in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model Selection in Batch Policy Optimization	poster
Koopman Q-learning: Offline Reinforcement Learning via Symmetries of Dynamics	poster
Robust Task Representations for Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning	poster
Pessimism meets VCG: Learning Dynamic Mechanism Design via Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Showing Your Offline Reinforcement Learning Work: Online Evaluation Budget Matters	poster
Constrained Offline Policy Optimization	poster
DreamerPro: Reconstruction-Free Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Prototypical Representations	poster
Towards Evaluating Adaptivity of Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Methods	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videos	poster
Denoised MDPs: Learning World Models Better Than the World Itself	poster
Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Control	poster
Causal Dynamics Learning for Task-Independent State Abstraction	poster
Why Should I Trust You, Bellman? The Bellman Error is a Poor Replacement for Value Error	poster
Adaptive Model Design for Markov Decision Process	poster
Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels	poster
Understanding Policy Gradient Algorithms: A Sensitivity-Based Approach	poster
Mirror Learning: A Unifying Framework of Policy Optimisation	poster
Continuous Control with Action Quantization from Demonstrations	poster
Off-Policy Fitted Q-Evaluation with Differentiable Function Approximators: Z-Estimation and Inference Theory	poster
A Temporal-Difference Approach to Policy Gradient Estimation	poster
The Primacy Bias in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Optimizing Sequential Experimental Design with Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
The Geometry of Robust Value Functions	poster
Direct Behavior Specification via Constrained Reinforcement Learning	poster
Utility Theory for Markovian Sequential Decision Making	poster
Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networks	poster
Unifying Approximate Gradient Updates for Policy Optimization	poster
EqR: Equivariant Representations for Data-Efficient Reinforcement Learning	poster
Provable Reinforcement Learning with a Short-Term Memory	poster
Optimal Estimation of Off-Policy Policy Gradient via Double Fitted Iteration	poster
Cliff Diving: Exploring Reward Surfaces in Reinforcement Learning Environments	poster
Lagrangian Method for Q-Function Learning (with Applications to Machine Translation)	poster
Learning to Assemble with Large-Scale Structured Reinforcement Learning	poster
Addressing Optimism Bias in Sequence Modeling for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning with Delayed Rewards	poster
Reachability Constrained Reinforcement Learning	poster
Flow-based Recurrent Belief State Learning for POMDPs	poster
Off-Policy Evaluation for Large Action Spaces via Embeddings	poster
Doubly Robust Distributionally Robust Off-Policy Evaluation and Learning	poster
On Well-posedness and Minimax Optimal Rates of Nonparametric Q-function Estimation in Off-policy Evaluation	poster
Communicating via Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning	poster

NeurIPS22

Paper	Type
Multi-Game Decision Transformers	poster
Bootstrapped Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Generalizing Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Variational Causal Reasoning	poster
Rethinking Value Function Learning for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Masked Autoencoding for Scalable and Generalizable Decision Making	poster
Pre-Trained Image Encoder for Generalizable Visual Reinforcement Learning	poster
GALOIS: Boosting Deep Reinforcement Learning via Generalizable Logic Synthesis	poster
Look where you look! Saliency-guided Q-networks for visual RL tasks	poster
an adaptive deep rl method for non-stationary environments with piecewise stable context	poster
Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Pessimism-Modulated Dynamics Belief	poster
A Unified Framework for Alternating Offline Model Training and Policy Learning	poster
Bidirectional Learning for Offline Infinite-width Model-based Optimization	poster
DASCO: Dual-Generator Adversarial Support Constrained Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Supported Policy Optimization for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Why So Pessimistic? Estimating Uncertainties for Offline RL through Ensembles, and Why Their Independence Matters	poster
Oracle Inequalities for Model Selection in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Mildly Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
A Policy-Guided Imitation Approach for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Bootstrapped Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
LobsDICE: Offline Learning from Observation via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation	poster
Latent-Variable Advantage-Weighted Policy Optimization for Offline RL	poster
How Far I'll Go: Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via f-Advantage Regression	poster
NeoRL: A Near Real-World Benchmark for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
When does return-conditioned supervised learning work for offline reinforcement learning?	poster
Bellman Residual Orthogonalization for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Oracle Inequalities for Model Selection in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Mismatched no More: Joint Model-Policy Optimization for Model-Based RL	poster
When to Update Your Model: Constrained Model-based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Bayesian Optimistic Optimization: Optimistic Exploration for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model-based Lifelong Reinforcement Learning with Bayesian Exploration	poster
Plan to Predict: Learning an Uncertainty-Foreseeing Model for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
data-driven model-based optimization via invariant representation learning	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Non-Exponential Discounting	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Neural Radiance Fields	poster
Recursive Reinforcement Learning	poster
Challenging Common Assumptions in Convex Reinforcement Learning	poster
Explicable Policy Search	poster
On Reinforcement Learning and Distribution Matching for Fine-Tuning Language Models with no Catastrophic Forgetting	poster
When to Ask for Help: Proactive Interventions in Autonomous Reinforcement Learning	poster
Adaptive Bio-Inspired Fish Simulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reinforcement Learning in a Birth and Death Process: Breaking the Dependence on the State Space	poster
Discovered Policy Optimisation	poster
Faster Deep Reinforcement Learning with Slower Online Network	poster
exploration-guided reward shaping for reinforcement learning under sparse rewards	poster
Large-Scale Retrieval for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Sustainable Online Reinforcement Learning for Auto-bidding	poster
LECO: Learnable Episodic Count for Task-Specific Intrinsic Reward	poster
DNA: Proximal Policy Optimization with a Dual Network Architecture	poster
Faster Deep Reinforcement Learning with Slower Online Network	poster
Online Reinforcement Learning for Mixed Policy Scopes	poster
ProtoX: Explaining a Reinforcement Learning Agent via Prototyping	poster
Hardness in Markov Decision Processes: Theory and Practice	poster
Robust Phi-Divergence MDPs	poster
On the convergence of policy gradient methods to Nash equilibria in general stochastic games	poster
A Unified Off-Policy Evaluation Approach for General Value Function	poster
Robust On-Policy Sampling for Data-Efficient Policy Evaluation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Continuous Deep Q-Learning in Optimal Control Problems: Normalized Advantage Functions Analysis	poster
Parametrically Retargetable Decision-Makers Tend To Seek Power	poster
Batch size-invariance for policy optimization	poster
Trust Region Policy Optimization with Optimal Transport Discrepancies: Duality and Algorithm for Continuous Actions	poster
Adaptive Interest for Emphatic Reinforcement Learning	poster
The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reincarnating Reinforcement Learning: Reusing Prior Computation to Accelerate Progress	poster
Bayesian Risk Markov Decision Processes	poster
Explainable Reinforcement Learning via Model Transforms	poster
PDSketch: Integrated Planning Domain Programming and Learning	poster
Contrastive Learning as Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning	poster
Does Self-supervised Learning Really Improve Reinforcement Learning from Pixels?	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Automated Auxiliary Loss Search	poster
Mask-based Latent Reconstruction for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Iso-Dream: Isolating Noncontrollable Visual Dynamics in World Models	poster
Learning General World Models in a Handful of Reward-Free Deployments	poster
Learning Robust Dynamics through Variational Sparse Gating	poster
A Mixture of Surprises for Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	poster
Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning with Contrastive Intrinsic Control	poster
Unsupervised Skill Discovery via Recurrent Skill Training	poster
A Unified Off-Policy Evaluation Approach for General Value Function	poster
The Pitfalls of Regularizations in Off-Policy TD Learning	poster
Off-Policy Evaluation for Action-Dependent Non-Stationary Environments	poster
Local Metric Learning for Off-Policy Evaluation in Contextual Bandits with Continuous Actions	poster
Off-Policy Evaluation with Policy-Dependent Optimization Response	poster

ICLR23

Paper	Type
Dichotomy of Control: Separating What You Can Control from What You Cannot	oral
In-context Reinforcement Learning with Algorithm Distillation	oral
Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision Making?	oral
Offline Q-learning on Diverse Multi-Task Data Both Scales And Generalizes	oral
Confidence-Conditioned Value Functions for Offline Reinforcement Learning	oral
Extreme Q-Learning: MaxEnt RL without Entropy	oral
Sparse Q-Learning: Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Value Regularization	oral
Transformers are Sample Efficient World Models	oral
Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Breaking the Replay Ratio Barrier	oral
Guarded Policy Optimization with Imperfect Online Demonstrations	spotlight
Towards Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Human-Friendly Prototypes	spotlight
Pink Noise Is All You Need: Colored Noise Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems	spotlight
The In-Sample Softmax for Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Benchmarking Offline Reinforcement Learning on Real-Robot Hardware	spotlight
Choreographer: Learning and Adapting Skills in Imagination	spotlight
Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Training	spotlight
Decision Transformer under Random Frame Dropping	poster
Hyper-Decision Transformer for Efficient Online Policy Adaptation	poster
Preference Transformer: Modeling Human Preferences using Transformers for RL	poster
On the Data-Efficiency with Contrastive Image Transformation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Can Agents Run Relay Race with Strangers? Generalization of RL to Out-of-Distribution Trajectories	poster
Performance Bounds for Model and Policy Transfer in Hidden-parameter MDPs	poster
Investigating Multi-task Pretraining and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Priors, Hierarchy, and Information Asymmetry for Skill Transfer in Reinforcement Learning	poster
On the Robustness of Safe Reinforcement Learning under Observational Perturbations	poster
Distributional Meta-Gradient Reinforcement Learning	poster
Conservative Bayesian Model-Based Value Expansion for Offline Policy Optimization	poster
Value Memory Graph: A Graph-Structured World Model for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient Offline Policy Optimization with a Learned Model	poster
Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Offline Reinforcement Learning via High-Fidelity Generative Behavior Modeling	poster
Decision S4: Efficient Sequence-Based RL via State Spaces Layers	poster
Behavior Proximal Policy Optimization	poster
Learning Achievement Structure for Structured Exploration in Domains with Sparse Reward	poster
Explaining RL Decisions with Trajectories	poster
User-Interactive Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Pareto-Efficient Decision Agents for Offline Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning	poster
Offline RL for Natural Language Generation with Implicit Language Q Learning	poster
In-sample Actor Critic for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Harnessing Mixed Offline Reinforcement Learning Datasets via Trajectory Weighting	poster
Mind the Gap: Offline Policy Optimizaiton for Imperfect Rewards	poster
When Data Geometry Meets Deep Function: Generalizing Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
MAHALO: Unifying Offline Reinforcement Learning and Imitation Learning from Observations	poster
Transformer-based World Models Are Happy With 100k Interactions	poster
Dynamic Update-to-Data Ratio: Minimizing World Model Overfitting	poster
Evaluating Long-Term Memory in 3D Mazes	poster
Making Better Decision by Directly Planning in Continuous Control	poster
HiT-MDP: Learning the SMDP option framework on MDPs with Hidden Temporal Embeddings	poster
Diminishing Return of Value Expansion Methods in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Simplifying Model-based RL: Learning Representations, Latent-space Models, and Policies with One Objective	poster
SpeedyZero: Mastering Atari with Limited Data and Time	poster
Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning Requires Regulating Statistical Overfitting	poster
Replay Memory as An Empirical MDP: Combining Conservative Estimation with Experience Replay	poster
Greedy Actor-Critic: A New Conditional Cross-Entropy Method for Policy Improvement	poster
Reward Design with Language Models	poster
Solving Continuous Control via Q-learning	poster
Wasserstein Auto-encoded MDPs: Formal Verification of Efficiently Distilled RL Policies with Many-sided Guarantees	poster
Quality-Similar Diversity via Population Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Human-level Atari 200x faster	poster
Policy Expansion for Bridging Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
Improving Deep Policy Gradients with Value Function Search	poster
Memory Gym: Partially Observable Challenges to Memory-Based Agents	poster
Hybrid RL: Using both offline and online data can make RL efficient	poster
POPGym: Benchmarking Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning	poster
Critic Sequential Monte Carlo	poster
Revocable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Affinity Regularization for Outlier-Robust Graph Matching	poster
Provable Unsupervised Data Sharing for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Discovering Policies with DOMiNO: Diversity Optimization Maintaining Near Optimality	poster
Latent Variable Representation for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Spectral Decomposition Representation for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Behavior Prior Representation learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Become a Proficient Player with Limited Data through Watching Pure Videos	poster
Variational Latent Branching Model for Off-Policy Evaluation	poster

ICML23

Paper	Type
On the Power of Pre-training for Generalization in RL: Provable Benefits and Hardness	oral
AdaptDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Adaptive Self-evolving Planners	oral
Reparameterized Policy Learning for Multimodal Trajectory Optimization	oral
Mastering the Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning Benchmark from Pixels	oral
The Dormant Neuron Phenomenon in Deep Reinforcement Learning	oral
Efficient RL via Disentangled Environment and Agent Representations	oral
On the Statistical Benefits of Temporal Difference Learning	oral
Warm-Start Actor-Critic: From Approximation Error to Sub-optimality Gap	oral
Reinforcement Learning from Passive Data via Latent Intentions	oral
Subequivariant Graph Reinforcement Learning in 3D Environments	oral
Representation Learning with Multi-Step Inverse Kinematics: An Efficient and Optimal Approach to Rich-Observation RL	oral
Flipping Coins to Estimate Pseudocounts for Exploration in Reinforcement Learning	oral
Settling the Reward Hypothesis	oral
Information-Theoretic State Space Model for Multi-View Reinforcement Learning	oral
Mastering the Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning Benchmark from Pixels	oral
Learning Belief Representations for Partially Observable Deep RL	poster
Internally Rewarded Reinforcement Learning	poster
Active Policy Improvement from Multiple Black-box Oracles	poster
When is Realizability Sufficient for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning?	poster
The Statistical Benefits of Quantile Temporal-Difference Learning for Value Estimation	poster
Hyperparameters in Reinforcement Learning and How To Tune Them	poster
Langevin Thompson Sampling with Logarithmic Communication: Bandits and Reinforcement Learning	poster
Correcting discount-factor mismatch in on-policy policy gradient methods	poster
Masked Trajectory Models for Prediction, Representation, and Control	poster
Off-Policy Average Reward Actor-Critic with Deterministic Policy Search	poster
TGRL: An Algorithm for Teacher Guided Reinforcement Learning	poster
LIV: Language-Image Representations and Rewards for Robotic Control	poster
Stein Variational Goal Generation for adaptive Exploration in Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning	poster
Emergence of Adaptive Circadian Rhythms in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Explaining Reinforcement Learning with Shapley Values	poster
Reinforcement Learning Can Be More Efficient with Multiple Rewards	poster
Performative Reinforcement Learning	poster
Truncating Trajectories in Monte Carlo Reinforcement Learning	poster
ReLOAD: Reinforcement Learning with Optimistic Ascent-Descent for Last-Iterate Convergence in Constrained MDPs	poster
Low-Switching Policy Gradient with Exploration via Online Sensitivity Sampling	poster
Hyperbolic Diffusion Embedding and Distance for Hierarchical Representation Learning	poster
Revisiting Domain Randomization via Relaxed State-Adversarial Policy Optimization	poster
Parallel $Q$-Learning: Scaling Off-policy Reinforcement Learning under Massively Parallel Simulation	poster
LESSON: Learning to Integrate Exploration Strategies for Reinforcement Learning via an Option Framework	poster
Graph Reinforcement Learning for Network Control via Bi-Level Optimization	poster
Stochastic Policy Gradient Methods: Improved Sample Complexity for Fisher-non-degenerate Policies	poster
Reinforcement Learning with History Dependent Dynamic Contexts	poster
Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Data	poster
Variance Control for Distributional Reinforcement Learning	poster
Hindsight Learning for MDPs with Exogenous Inputs	poster
RLang: A Declarative Language for Describing Partial World Knowledge to Reinforcement Learning Agents	poster
Scalable Safe Policy Improvement via Monte Carlo Tree Search	poster
Bayesian Reparameterization of Reward-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Energy-based Models	poster
Understanding the Complexity Gains of Single-Task RL with a Curriculum	poster
PPG Reloaded: An Empirical Study on What Matters in Phasic Policy Gradient	poster
On Many-Actions Policy Gradient	poster
Multi-task Hierarchical Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning	poster
Cell-Free Latent Go-Explore	poster
Trustworthy Policy Learning under the Counterfactual No-Harm Criterion	poster
Reachability-Aware Laplacian Representation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Interactive Object Placement with Reinforcement Learning	poster
Leveraging Offline Data in Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reinforcement Learning with General Utilities: Simpler Variance Reduction and Large State-Action Space	poster
DoMo-AC: Doubly Multi-step Off-policy Actor-Critic Algorithm	poster
Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimization	poster
SNeRL: Semantic-aware Neural Radiance Fields for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Set-membership Belief State-based Reinforcement Learning for POMDPs	poster
Robust Satisficing MDPs	poster
Off-Policy Evaluation for Large Action Spaces via Conjunct Effect Modeling	poster
Quantum Policy Gradient Algorithm with Optimized Action Decoding	poster
For Pre-Trained Vision Models in Motor Control, Not All Policy Learning Methods are Created Equal	poster
Model-Free Robust Average-Reward Reinforcement Learning	poster
Fair and Robust Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects for Policy Learning	poster
Trajectory-Aware Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning	poster
Principled Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback from Pairwise or K-wise Comparisons	poster
Social learning spontaneously emerges by searching optimal heuristics with deep reinforcement learning	poster
Bigger, Better, Faster: Human-level Atari with human-level efficiency	poster
Posterior Sampling for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model-based Reinforcement Learning with Scalable Composite Policy Gradient Estimators	poster
Go Beyond Imagination: Maximizing Episodic Reachability with World Models	poster
Simplified Temporal Consistency Reinforcement Learning	poster
Do Embodied Agents Dream of Pixelated Sheep: Embodied Decision Making using Language Guided World Modelling	poster
Demonstration-free Autonomous Reinforcement Learning via Implicit and Bidirectional Curriculum	poster
Curious Replay for Model-based Adaptation	poster
Multi-View Masked World Models for Visual Robotic Manipulation	poster
Automatic Intrinsic Reward Shaping for Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Curiosity in Hindsight: Intrinsic Exploration in Stochastic Environments	poster
Representations and Exploration for Deep Reinforcement Learning using Singular Value Decomposition	poster
Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
Distilling Internet-Scale Vision-Language Models into Embodied Agents	poster
VIMA: Robot Manipulation with Multimodal Prompts	poster
Future-conditioned Unsupervised Pretraining for Decision Transformer	poster
Emergent Agentic Transformer from Chain of Hindsight Experience	poster
The Benefits of Model-Based Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Multi-Environment Pretraining Enables Transfer to Action Limited Datasets	poster
On Pre-Training for Visuo-Motor Control: Revisiting a Learning-from-Scratch Baseline	poster
Unsupervised Skill Discovery for Learning Shared Structures across Changing Environments	poster
An Investigation into Pre-Training Object-Centric Representations for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Guiding Pretraining in Reinforcement Learning with Large Language Models	poster
What is Essential for Unseen Goal Generalization of Offline Goal-conditioned RL?	poster
Online Prototype Alignment for Few-shot Policy Transfer	poster
Detecting Adversarial Directions in Deep Reinforcement Learning to Make Robust Decisions	poster
Robust Situational Reinforcement Learning in Face of Context Disturbances	poster
Adversarial Learning of Distributional Reinforcement Learning	poster
Towards Robust and Safe Reinforcement Learning with Benign Off-policy Data	poster
Simple Embodied Language Learning as a Byproduct of Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
ContraBAR: Contrastive Bayes-Adaptive Deep RL	poster
Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Count-based Conservatism	poster
Model-Bellman Inconsistency for Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning Temporally Abstract World Models without Online Experimentation	poster
Contrastive Energy Prediction for Exact Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
MetaDiffuser: Diffusion Model as Conditional Planner for Offline Meta-RL	poster
Actor-Critic Alignment for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
Semi-Supervised Offline Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Trajectories	poster
Principled Offline RL in the Presence of Rich Exogenous Information	poster
Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning with In-Distribution Online Adaptation	poster
Policy Regularization with Dataset Constraint for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Supported Trust Region Optimization for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Constrained Decision Transformer for Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
PAC-Bayesian Offline Contextual Bandits With Guarantees	poster
Beyond Reward: Offline Preference-guided Policy Optimization	poster
Offline Reinforcement Learning with Closed-Form Policy Improvement Operators	poster
ChiPFormer: Transferable Chip Placement via Offline Decision Transformer	poster
Boosting Offline Reinforcement Learning with Action Preference Query	poster
Jump-Start Reinforcement Learning	poster
Investigating the role of model-based learning in exploration and transfer	poster
STEERING : Stein Information Directed Exploration for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Predictable MDP Abstraction for Unsupervised Model-Based RL	poster
The Virtues of Laziness in Model-based RL: A Unified Objective and Algorithms	poster
On the Importance of Feature Decorrelation for Unsupervised Representation Learning in Reinforcement Learning	poster
CLUTR: Curriculum Learning via Unsupervised Task Representation Learning	poster
Controllability-Aware Unsupervised Skill Discovery	poster
Behavior Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Skill Discovery	poster
Variational Curriculum Reinforcement Learning for Unsupervised Discovery of Skills	poster
Bootstrapped Representations in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Representation-Driven Reinforcement Learning	poster
Improved Policy Evaluation for Randomized Trials of Algorithmic Resource Allocation	poster
An Instrumental Variable Approach to Confounded Off-Policy Evaluation	poster
Semiparametrically Efficient Off-Policy Evaluation in Linear Markov Decision Processes	poster
Automatic Intrinsic Reward Shaping for Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Curiosity in Hindsight: Intrinsic Exploration in Stochastic Environments	poster

NeurIPS23

Paper	Type
Learning Generalizable Agents via Saliency-guided Features Decorrelation	oral
Understanding Expertise through Demonstrations: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning	oral
When Demonstrations meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning	oral
DiffuseBot: Breeding Soft Robots With Physics-Augmented Generative Diffusion Models	oral
When Do Transformers Shine in RL? Decoupling Memory from Credit Assignment	oral
Bridging RL Theory and Practice with the Effective Horizon	oral
SwiftSage: A Generative Agent with Fast and Slow Thinking for Complex Interactive Tasks	spotlight
RePo: Resilient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning by Regularizing Posterior Predictability	spotlight
Maximize to Explore: One Objective Function Fusing Estimation, Planning, and Exploration	spotlight
Conditional Mutual Information for Disentangled Representations in Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Optimistic Natural Policy Gradient: a Simple Efficient Policy Optimization Framework for Online RL	spotlight
Double Gumbel Q-Learning	spotlight
Future-Dependent Value-Based Off-Policy Evaluation in POMDPs	spotlight
Supervised Pretraining Can Learn In-Context Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Train Once, Get a Family: State-Adaptive Balances for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Constraint-Conditioned Policy Optimization for Versatile Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
Explore to Generalize in Zero-Shot RL	poster
Dynamics Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Context-Aware Policies	poster
Reining Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning via Representation Distinction	poster
Contrastive Retrospection: honing in on critical steps for rapid learning and generalization in RL	poster
Doubly Robust Augmented Transfer for Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
Recurrent Hypernetworks are Surprisingly Strong in Meta-RL	poster
Parameterizing Non-Parametric Meta-Reinforcement Learning Tasks via Subtask Decomposition	poster
One Risk to Rule Them All: A Risk-Sensitive Perspective on Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient Diffusion Policies For Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning to Influence Human Behavior with Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Design from Policies: Conservative Test-Time Adaptation for Offline Policy Optimization	poster
SafeDICE: Offline Safe Imitation Learning with Non-Preferred Demonstrations	poster
Constrained Policy Optimization with Explicit Behavior Density For Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Conservative State Value Estimation for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Offline RL with Discrete Proxy Representations for Generalizability in POMDPs	poster
Context Shift Reduction for Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
Mutual Information Regularized Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Recovering from Out-of-sample States via Inverse Dynamics in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Percentile Criterion Optimization in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Language Models Meet World Models: Embodied Experiences Enhance Language Models	poster
Action Inference by Maximising Evidence: Zero-Shot Imitation from Observation with World Models	poster
Facing off World Model Backbones: RNNs, Transformers, and S4	poster
Efficient Exploration in Continuous-time Model-based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model-Based Reparameterization Policy Gradient Methods: Theory and Practical Algorithms	poster
Learning to Discover Skills through Guidance	poster
Creating Multi-Level Skill Hierarchies in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Unsupervised Behavior Extraction via Random Intent Priors	poster
MIMEx: Intrinsic Rewards from Masked Input Modeling	poster
f-Policy Gradients: A General Framework for Goal-Conditioned RL using f-Divergences	poster
Prediction and Control in Continual Reinforcement Learning	poster
Residual Q-Learning: Offline and Online Policy Customization without Value	poster
Small batch deep reinforcement learning	poster
Last-Iterate Convergent Policy Gradient Primal-Dual Methods for Constrained MDPs	poster
Is RLHF More Difficult than Standard RL? A Theoretical Perspective	poster
Reflexion: language agents with verbal reinforcement learning	poster
Generative Modelling of Stochastic Actions with Arbitrary Constraints in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Diffusion Model is an Effective Planner and Data Synthesizer for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning	poster
Direct Preference-based Policy Optimization without Reward Modeling	poster
Learning to Modulate pre-trained Models in RL	poster
Ignorance is Bliss: Robust Control via Information Gating	poster
Marginal Density Ratio for Off-Policy Evaluation in Contextual Bandits	poster
Model-Free Reinforcement Learning with the Decision-Estimation Coefficient	poster
Optimal and Fair Encouragement Policy Evaluation and Learning	poster
BIRD: Generalizable Backdoor Detection and Removal for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Probabilistic Inference in Reinforcement Learning Done Right	poster
Reference-Based POMDPs	poster
Persuading Farsighted Receivers in MDPs: the Power of Honesty	poster
Distributional Policy Evaluation: a Maximum Entropy approach to Representation Learning	poster
Structured State Space Models for In-Context Reinforcement Learning	poster
An Alternative to Variance: Gini Deviation for Risk-averse Policy Gradient	poster
Distributional Model Equivalence for Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning	poster
PLASTIC: Improving Input and Label Plasticity for Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning	poster
Hybrid Policy Optimization from Imperfect Demonstrations	poster
Policy Optimization in a Noisy Neighborhood: On Return Landscapes in Continuous Control	poster
Semantic HELM: A Human-Readable Memory for Reinforcement Learning	poster
A Definition of Continual Reinforcement Learning	poster
Fast Bellman Updates for Wasserstein Distributionally Robust MDPs	poster
Policy Gradient for Rectangular Robust Markov Decision Processes	poster
Discovering Hierarchical Achievements in Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning	poster
Truncating Trajectories in Monte Carlo Policy Evaluation: an Adaptive Approach	poster
Model-Free Active Exploration in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learning that Transfers using Random Features	poster
FlowPG: Action-constrained Policy Gradient with Normalizing Flows	poster
Flexible Attention-Based Multi-Policy Fusion for Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
ODE-based Recurrent Model-free Reinforcement Learning for POMDPs	poster
Suggesting Variable Order for Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition via Reinforcement Learning	poster
SPQR: Controlling Q-ensemble Independence with Spiked Random Model for Reinforcement Learning	poster
CaMP: Causal Multi-policy Planning for Interactive Navigation in Multi-room Scenes	poster
POMDP Planning for Object Search in Partially Unknown Environment	poster
Unified Off-Policy Learning to Rank: a Reinforcement Learning Perspective	poster
Natural Actor-Critic for Robust Reinforcement Learning with Function Approximation	poster
A Long $N$-step Surrogate Stage Reward for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
State-Action Similarity-Based Representations for Off-Policy Evaluation	poster
Weakly Coupled Deep Q-Networks	poster
Large Language Models Are Semi-Parametric Reinforcement Learning Agents	poster
The Benefits of Being Distributional: Small-Loss Bounds for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Online Nonstochastic Model-Free Reinforcement Learning	poster
When is Agnostic Reinforcement Learning Statistically Tractable?	poster
Bayesian Risk-Averse Q-Learning with Streaming Observations	poster
Resetting the Optimizer in Deep RL: An Empirical Study	poster
Optimistic Exploration in Reinforcement Learning Using Symbolic Model Estimates	poster
Performance Bounds for Policy-Based Average Reward Reinforcement Learning Algorithms	poster
Regularity as Intrinsic Reward for Free Play	poster
TACO: Temporal Latent Action-Driven Contrastive Loss for Visual Reinforcement Learning	poster
Policy Optimization for Continuous Reinforcement Learning	poster
Active Observing in Continuous-time Control	poster
Replicable Reinforcement Learning	poster
On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Monte Carlo Tree Search with Boltzmann Exploration	poster
Iterative Reachability Estimation for Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
Discovering General Reinforcement Learning Algorithms with Adversarial Environment Design	poster
Where are we in the search for an Artificial Visual Cortex for Embodied Intelligence?	poster
Inverse Dynamics Pretraining Learns Good Representations for Multitask Imitation	poster
Interpretable Reward Redistribution in Reinforcement Learning: A Causal Approach	poster
Contrastive Modules with Temporal Attention for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning	poster
Sample-Efficient and Safe Deep Reinforcement Learning via Reset Deep Ensemble Agents	poster
Distributional Pareto-Optimal Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient Policy Adaptation with Contrastive Prompt Ensemble for Embodied Agents	poster
Efficient Potential-based Exploration in Reinforcement Learning using Inverse Dynamic Bisimulation Metric	poster
Iteratively Learn Diverse Strategies with State Distance Information	poster
Accelerating Reinforcement Learning with Value-Conditional State Entropy Exploration	poster
Gradient Informed Proximal Policy Optimization	poster
The Curious Price of Distributional Robustness in Reinforcement Learning with a Generative Model	poster
Optimal Treatment Allocation for Efficient Policy Evaluation in Sequential Decision Making	poster
Thinker: Learning to Plan and Act	poster
Learning Better with Less: Effective Augmentation for Sample-Efficient Visual Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Simple Sequence Priors	poster
Can Pre-Trained Text-to-Image Models Generate Visual Goals for Reinforcement Learning?	poster
Beyond Uniform Sampling: Offline Reinforcement Learning with Imbalanced Datasets	poster
CQM: Curriculum Reinforcement Learning with a Quantized World Model	poster
H-InDex: Visual Reinforcement Learning with Hand-Informed Representations for Dexterous Manipulation	poster
Cal-QL: Calibrated Offline RL Pre-Training for Efficient Online Fine-Tuning	poster
Anytime-Competitive Reinforcement Learning with Policy Prior	poster
Budgeting Counterfactual for Offline RL	poster
Fractal Landscapes in Policy Optimization	poster
Goal-Conditioned Predictive Coding for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
For SALE: State-Action Representation Learning for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Inverse Reinforcement Learning with the Average Reward Criterion	poster
Revisiting the Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Adversarial Model for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Supported Value Regularization for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
PID-Inspired Inductive Biases for Deep Reinforcement Learning in Partially Observable Control Tasks	poster
How to Fine-tune the Model: Unified Model Shift and Model Bias Policy Optimization	poster
Learning from Visual Observation via Offline Pretrained State-to-Go Transformer	poster
Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with LLMs Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents	poster
Robust Knowledge Transfer in Tiered Reinforcement Learning	poster
Train Hard, Fight Easy: Robust Meta Reinforcement Learning	poster
Task-aware world model learning with meta weighting via bi-level optimization	poster
Video Prediction Models as Rewards for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Synthetic Experience Replay	poster
Policy Finetuning in Reinforcement Learning via Design of Experiments using Offline Data	poster
Learning Dynamic Attribute-factored World Models for Efficient Multi-object Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning World Models with Identifiable Factorization	poster
Pre-training Contextualized World Models with In-the-wild Videos for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Inverse Preference Learning: Preference-based RL without a Reward Function	poster
Understanding, Predicting and Better Resolving Q-Value Divergence in Offline-RL	poster
Latent exploration for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Large Language Models can Implement Policy Iteration	poster
Generalized Weighted Path Consistency for Mastering Atari Games	poster
Learning Environment-Aware Affordance for 3D Articulated Object Manipulation under Occlusions	poster
Accelerating Value Iteration with Anchoring	poster
Reduced Policy Optimization for Continuous Control with Hard Constraints	poster
State Regularized Policy Optimization on Data with Dynamics Shift	poster
Offline Reinforcement Learning with Differential Privacy	poster
Understanding and Addressing the Pitfalls of Bisimulation-based Representations in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster

ICLR24

Paper	Type
Predictive auxiliary objectives in deep RL mimic learning in the brain	oral
Pre-Training Goal-based Models for Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning	oral
METRA: Scalable Unsupervised RL with Metric-Aware Abstraction	oral
ASID: Active Exploration for System Identification and Reconstruction in Robotic Manipulation	oral
Mastering Memory Tasks with World Models	oral
Generalized Policy Iteration using Tensor Approximation for Hybrid Control	spotlight
Selective Visual Representations Improve Convergence and Generalization for Embodied AI	spotlight
AMAGO: Scalable In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Agents	spotlight
Confronting Reward Model Overoptimization with Constrained RLHF	spotlight
Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Improving Offline RL by Blending Heuristics	spotlight
Decision ConvFormer: Local Filtering in MetaFormer is Sufficient for Decision Making	spotlight
Tool-Augmented Reward Modeling	spotlight
Reward-Consistent Dynamics Models are Strongly Generalizable for Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Dual RL: Unification and New Methods for Reinforcement and Imitation Learning	spotlight
Stabilizing Contrastive RL: Techniques for Robotic Goal Reaching from Offline Data	spotlight
Safe RLHF: Safe Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	spotlight
Cross$Q$: Batch Normalization in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Greater Sample Efficiency and Simplicity	spotlight
Blending Imitation and Reinforcement Learning for Robust Policy Improvement	spotlight
Unlocking the Power of Representations in Long-term Novelty-based Exploration	spotlight
Spatially-Aware Transformers for Embodied Agents	spotlight
Learning to Act without Actions	spotlight
Towards Principled Representation Learning from Videos for Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
TorchRL: A data-driven decision-making library for PyTorch	spotlight
Towards Robust Offline Reinforcement Learning under Diverse Data Corruption	spotlight
Learning Hierarchical World Models with Adaptive Temporal Abstractions from Discrete Latent Dynamics	spotlight
Text2Reward: Reward Shaping with Language Models for Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Robotic Task Generalization via Hindsight Trajectory Sketches	spotlight
Submodular Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Query-Policy Misalignment in Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Kernel Metric Learning for In-Sample Off-Policy Evaluation of Deterministic RL Policies	spotlight
GenSim: Generating Robotic Simulation Tasks via Large Language Models	spotlight
Entity-Centric Reinforcement Learning for Object Manipulation from Pixels	spotlight
Illusory Attacks: Detectability Matters in Adversarial Attacks on Sequential Decision-Makers	spotlight
Addressing Signal Delay in Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DrM: Mastering Visual Reinforcement Learning through Dormant Ratio Minimization	spotlight
Task Adaptation from Skills: Information Geometry, Disentanglement, and New Objectives for Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
$\mathcal{B}$-Coder: On Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Program Synthesis	spotlight
Physics-Regulated Deep Reinforcement Learning: Invariant Embeddings	spotlight
Retroformer: Retrospective Large Language Agents with Policy Gradient Optimization	spotlight
Learning to Act from Actionless Videos through Dense Correspondences	spotlight
CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agents	spotlight
TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Control	spotlight
Universal Humanoid Motion Representations for Physics-Based Control	spotlight
Adaptive Rational Activations to Boost Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning via Bounded Rationality Curricula	spotlight
Locality Sensitive Sparse Encoding for Learning World Models Online	poster
On Representation Complexity of Model-based and Model-free Reinforcement Learning	poster
Policy Rehearsing: Training Generalizable Policies for Reinforcement Learning	poster
What Matters to You? Towards Visual Representation Alignment for Robot Learning	poster
Improving Language Models with Advantage-based Offline Policy Gradients	poster
Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learning	poster
The Trickle-down Impact of Reward Inconsistency on RLHF	poster
Maximum Entropy Model Correction in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Tree Search-Based Policy Optimization under Stochastic Execution Delay	poster
Offline RL with Observation Histories: Analyzing and Improving Sample Complexity	poster
Understanding Hidden Context in Preference Learning: Consequences for RLHF	poster
Eureka: Human-Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Models	poster
Retrieval-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Boolean Circuit Minimization	poster
Score Models for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning	poster
Contrastive Difference Predictive Coding	poster
Hindsight PRIORs for Reward Learning from Human Preferences	poster
Reward Model Ensembles Help Mitigate Overoptimization	poster
Safe Offline Reinforcement Learning with Feasibility-Guided Diffusion Model	poster
Compositional Conservatism: A Transductive Approach in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Flow to Better: Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learning via Preferred Trajectory Generation	poster
PAE: Reinforcement Learning from External Knowledge for Efficient Exploration	poster
Identifying Policy Gradient Subspaces	poster
PARL: A Unified Framework for Policy Alignment in Reinforcement Learning	poster
SafeDreamer: Safe Reinforcement Learning with World Models	poster
Vanishing Gradients in Reinforcement Finetuning of Language Models	poster
Goodhart's Law in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Score Regularized Policy Optimization through Diffusion Behavior	poster
Making RL with Preference-based Feedback Efficient via Randomization	poster
Consistency Models as a Rich and Efficient Policy Class for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Contrastive Preference Learning: Learning from Human Feedback without Reinforcement Learning	poster
Privileged Sensing Scaffolds Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning Planning Abstractions from Language	poster
CrossLoco: Human Motion Driven Control of Legged Robots via Guided Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient Dynamics Modeling in Interactive Environments with Koopman Theory	poster
Jumanji: a Diverse Suite of Scalable Reinforcement Learning Environments in JAX	poster
Searching for High-Value Molecules Using Reinforcement Learning and Transformers	poster
Privately Aligning Language Models with Reinforcement Learning	poster
The HIM Solution for Legged Locomotion: Minimal Sensors, Efficient Learning, and Substantial Agility	poster
S$2$AC: Energy-Based Reinforcement Learning with Stein Soft Actor Critic	poster
Replay across Experiments: A Natural Extension of Off-Policy RL	poster
Piecewise Linear Parametrization of Policies: Towards Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Time-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Stochastic Stateful Policies	poster
Open the Black Box: Step-based Policy Updates for Temporally-Correlated Episodic Reinforcement Learning	poster
On Trajectory Augmentations for Off-Policy Evaluation	poster
Unleashing Large-Scale Video Generative Pre-training for Visual Robot Manipulation	poster
Understanding the Effects of RLHF on LLM Generalisation and Diversity	poster
Delphic Offline Reinforcement Learning under Nonidentifiable Hidden Confounding	poster
Prioritized Soft Q-Decomposition for Lexicographic Reinforcement Learning	poster
The Curse of Diversity in Ensemble-Based Exploration	poster
Off-Policy Primal-Dual Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
STARC: A General Framework For Quantifying Differences Between Reward Functions	poster
Unleashing the Power of Pre-trained Language Models for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Discovering Temporally-Aware Reinforcement Learning Algorithms	poster
Revisiting Data Augmentation in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reward-Free Curricula for Training Robust World Models	poster
CPPO: Continual Learning for Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback	poster
A Study of Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
RLIF: Interactive Imitation Learning as Reinforcement Learning	poster
Uncertainty-aware Constraint Inference in Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning	poster
Towards Imitation Learning to Branch for MIP: A Hybrid Reinforcement Learning based Sample Augmentation Approach	poster
Towards Assessing and Benchmarking Risk-Return Tradeoff of Off-Policy Evaluation	poster
Uni-O4: Unifying Online and Offline Deep Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Step On-Policy Optimization	poster
Free from Bellman Completeness: Trajectory Stitching via Model-based Return-conditioned Supervised Learning	poster
Revisiting Plasticity in Visual Reinforcement Learning: Data, Modules and Training Stages	poster
Robot Fleet Learning via Policy Merging	poster
Improving Intrinsic Exploration by Creating Stationary Objectives	poster
Motif: Intrinsic Motivation from Artificial Intelligence Feedback	poster
Understanding when Dynamics-Invariant Data Augmentations Benefit Model-free Reinforcement Learning Updates	poster
RLCD: Reinforcement Learning from Contrastive Distillation for LM Alignment	poster
Reasoning with Latent Diffusion in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Belief-Enriched Pessimistic Q-Learning against Adversarial State Perturbations	poster
Reward Design for Justifiable Sequential Decision-Making	poster
MAMBA: an Effective World Model Approach for Meta-Reinforcement Learning	poster
LOQA: Learning with Opponent Q-Learning Awareness	poster
Intelligent Switching for Reset-Free RL	poster
True Knowledge Comes from Practice: Aligning Large Language Models with Embodied Environments via Reinforcement Learning	poster
Skill Machines: Temporal Logic Skill Composition in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Uni-RLHF: Universal Platform and Benchmark Suite for Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Human Feedback	poster
Vision-Language Models are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Reinforcement Learning	poster
DittoGym: Learning to Control Soft Shape-Shifting Robots	poster
Decoupling regularization from the action space	poster
Plan-Seq-Learn: Language Model Guided RL for Solving Long Horizon Robotics Tasks	poster
Robust Model Based Reinforcement Learning Using $\mathcal{L}_1$ Adaptive Control	poster
DMBP: Diffusion model-based predictor for robust offline reinforcement learning against state observation perturbations	poster
LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agents	poster
Integrating Planning and Deep Reinforcement Learning via Automatic Induction of Task Substructures	poster
Closing the Gap between TD Learning and Supervised Learning - A Generalisation Point of View.	poster
COPlanner: Plan to Roll Out Conservatively but to Explore Optimistically for Model-Based RL	poster
$\pi$2vec: Policy Representation with Successor Features	poster
Task Planning for Visual Room Rearrangement under Partial Observability	poster
DreamSmooth: Improving Model-based Reinforcement Learning via Reward Smoothing	poster
Meta Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning: Convergence Guarantee and Generalization Analysis	poster
Cleanba: A Reproducible and Efficient Distributed Reinforcement Learning Platform	poster
Consciousness-Inspired Spatio-Temporal Abstractions for Better Generalization in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Function-space Parameterization of Neural Networks for Sequential Learning	poster
When should we prefer Decision Transformers for Offline Reinforcement Learning?	poster
Bridging State and History Representations: Understanding Self-Predictive RL	poster
Embodied Active Defense: Leveraging Recurrent Feedback to Counter Adversarial Patches	poster
Stylized Offline Reinforcement Learning: Extracting Diverse High-Quality Behaviors from Heterogeneous Datasets	poster
Pre-training with Synthetic Data Helps Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Query-Dependent Prompt Evaluation and Optimization with Offline Inverse RL	poster
A Simple Solution for Offline Imitation from Observations and Examples with Possibly Incomplete Trajectories	poster
Offline Imitation Learning with Variational Counterfactual Reasoning	poster
Read and Reap the Rewards: Learning to Play Atari with the Help of Instruction Manuals	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Fast and Forgetful Memory	poster
Active Vision Reinforcement Learning under Limited Visual Observability	poster
Sequential Preference Ranking for Efficient Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	poster
Hierarchical Adaptive Value Estimation for Multi-modal Visual Reinforcement Learning	poster
Elastic Decision Transformer	poster
Importance-aware Co-teaching for Offline Model-based Optimization	poster
Parallel-mentoring for Offline Model-based Optimization	poster
Accountability in Offline Reinforcement Learning: Explaining Decisions with a Corpus of Examples	poster

ICML24

Paper	Type
Stop Regressing: Training Value Functions via Classification for Scalable Deep RL	oral
Position: Automatic Environment Shaping is the Next Frontier in RL	oral
ACE: Off-Policy Actor-Critic with Causality-Aware Entropy Regularization	oral
Is DPO Superior to PPO for LLM Alignment? A Comprehensive Study	oral
SAPG: Split and Aggregate Policy Gradients	oral
Environment Design for Inverse Reinforcement Learning	oral
OMPO: A Unified Framework for RL under Policy and Dynamics Shifts	oral
Learning to Model the World With Language	oral
Offline Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Scales to Large Models	oral
Self-Composing Policies for Scalable Continual Reinforcement Learning	oral
Genie: Generative Interactive Environments	oral
Unsupervised Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning via Functional Reward Encodings	spotlight
Craftax: A Lightning-Fast Benchmark for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Mixtures of Experts Unlock Parameter Scaling for Deep RL	spotlight
RICE: Breaking Through the Training Bottlenecks of Reinforcement Learning with Explanation	spotlight
Code as Reward: Empowering Reinforcement Learning with VLMs	spotlight
EfficientZero V2: Mastering Discrete and Continuous Control with Limited Data	spotlight
Behavior Generation with Latent Actions	spotlight
Overestimation, Overfitting, and Plasticity in Actor-Critic: the Bitter Lesson of Reinforcement Learning	poster
Hard Tasks First: Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning Through Task Scheduling	poster
Trustworthy Alignment of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning	poster
Meta-Learners for Partially-Identified Treatment Effects Across Multiple Environments	poster
How to Explore with Belief: State Entropy Maximization in POMDPs	poster
PIPER: Primitive-Informed Preference-based Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning via Hindsight Relabeling	poster
Iterative Regularized Policy Optimization with Imperfect Demonstrations	poster
Fourier Controller Networks for Real-Time Decision-Making in Embodied Learning	poster
Training Large Language Models for Reasoning through Reverse Curriculum Reinforcement Learning	poster
AD3: Implicit Action is the Key for World Models to Distinguish the Diverse Visual Distractors	poster
DRED: Zero-Shot Transfer in Reinforcement Learning via Data-Regularised Environment Design	poster
Adapting Pretrained ViTs with Convolution Injector for Visuo-Motor Control	poster
Degeneration-free Policy Optimization: RL Fine-Tuning for Language Models without Degeneration	poster
Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
RVI-SAC: Average Reward Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Offline Transition Modeling via Contrastive Energy Learning	poster
Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Confounded POMDPs	poster
Revisiting Scalable Hessian Diagonal Approximations for Applications in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Absolute Policy Optimization: Enhancing Lower Probability Bound of Performance with High Confidence	poster
Meta-Reinforcement Learning Robust to Distributional Shift Via Performing Lifelong In-Context Learning	poster
DIDI: Diffusion-Guided Diversity for Offline Behavioral Generation	poster
When Do Skills Help Reinforcement Learning? A Theoretical Analysis of Temporal Abstractions	poster
BeigeMaps: Behavioral Eigenmaps for Reinforcement Learning from Images	poster
Physics-Informed Neural Network Policy Iteration: Algorithms, Convergence, and Verification	poster
RL-VLM-F: Reinforcement Learning from Vision Language Foundation Model Feedback	poster
RoboDreamer: Learning Compositional World Models for Robot Imagination	poster
Investigating Pre-Training Objectives for Generalization in Vision-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
RoboGen: Towards Unleashing Infinite Data for Automated Robot Learning via Generative Simulation	poster
Coprocessor Actor Critic: A Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach For Adaptive Brain Stimulation	poster
GFlowNet Training by Policy Gradients	poster
Value-Evolutionary-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
PEARL: Zero-shot Cross-task Preference Alignment and Robust Reward Learning for Robotic Manipulation	poster
Feasibility Consistent Representation Learning for Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
Distilling Morphology-Conditioned Hypernetworks for Efficient Universal Morphology Control	poster
Constrained Reinforcement Learning Under Model Mismatch	poster
Discovering Multiple Solutions from a Single Task in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning to Stabilize Online Reinforcement Learning in Unbounded State Spaces	poster
Learning to Play Atari in a World of Tokens	poster
Breaking the Barrier: Enhanced Utility and Robustness in Smoothed DRL Agents	poster
Probabilistic Constrained Reinforcement Learning with Formal Interpretability	poster
Hieros: Hierarchical Imagination on Structured State Space Sequence World Models	poster
Random Latent Exploration for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Parameterized Action Spaces	poster
Confidence Aware Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning	poster
Averaging n-step Returns Reduces Variance in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Position: A Call for Embodied AI	poster
Just Cluster It: An Approach for Exploration in High-Dimensions using Clustering and Pre-Trained Representations	poster
The Max-Min Formulation of Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning: From Theory to a Model-Free Algorithm	poster
Skill Set Optimization: Reinforcing Language Model Behavior via Transferable Skills	poster
Offline-Boosted Actor-Critic: Adaptively Blending Optimal Historical Behaviors in Deep Off-Policy RL	poster
Sequence Compression Speeds Up Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Seizing Serendipity: Exploiting the Value of Past Success in Off-Policy Actor-Critic	poster
Generalization to New Sequential Decision Making Tasks with In-Context Learning	poster
Simple Ingredients for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient World Models with Context-Aware Tokenization	poster
In value-based deep reinforcement learning, a pruned network is a good network	poster
Probabilistic Subgoal Representations for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning	poster
Premier-TACO is a Few-Shot Policy Learner: Pretraining Multitask Representation via Temporal Action-Driven Contrastive Loss	poster
Understanding and Diagnosing Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
To the Max: Reinventing Reward in Reinforcement Learning	poster
ReLU to the Rescue: Improve Your On-Policy Actor-Critic with Positive Advantages	poster
Stochastic Q-learning for Large Discrete Action Spaces	poster
Feasible Reachable Policy Iteration	poster
Position: Video as the New Language for Real-World Decision Making	poster
Learning Latent Dynamic Robust Representations for World Models	poster
Reinformer: Max-Return Sequence Modeling for Offline RL	poster
Rethinking Transformers in Solving POMDPs	poster
Single-Trajectory Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning	poster
Trust the Model Where It Trusts Itself - Model-Based Actor-Critic with Uncertainty-Aware Rollout Adaption	poster
A Minimaximalist Approach to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	poster
EvoRainbow: Combining Improvements in Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Policy Search	poster
SeMOPO: Learning High-quality Model and Policy from Low-quality Offline Visual Datasets	poster
Adaptive-Gradient Policy Optimization: Enhancing Policy Learning in Non-Smooth Differentiable Simulations	poster
Dense Reward for Free in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	poster
Configurable Mirror Descent: Towards a Unification of Decision Making	poster
Policy Learning for Balancing Short-Term and Long-Term Rewards	poster
Reward Shaping for Reinforcement Learning with An Assistant Reward Agent	poster
Distributional Bellman Operators over Mean Embeddings	poster
SiT: Symmetry-invariant Transformers for Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Geometric Active Exploration in Markov Decision Processes: the Benefit of Abstraction	poster
Learning a Diffusion Model Policy from Rewards via Q-Score Matching	poster
ACPO: A Policy Optimization Algorithm for Average MDPs with Constraints	poster
Position: Benchmarking is Limited in Reinforcement Learning Research	poster
Learning Constraints from Offline Demonstrations via Superior Distribution Correction Estimation	poster
Augmenting Decision with Hypothesis in Reinforcement Learning	poster
SHINE: Shielding Backdoors in Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning Coverage Paths in Unknown Environments with Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Improving Token-Based World Models with Parallel Observation Prediction	poster
Learning to Explore in POMDPs with Informational Rewards	poster
Stealthy Imitation: Reward-guided Environment-free Policy Stealing	poster
FuRL: Visual-Language Models as Fuzzy Rewards for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Enhancing Value Function Estimation through First-Order State-Action Dynamics in Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Variable Action Spaces	poster
Information-Directed Pessimism for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
PcLast: Discovering Plannable Continuous Latent States	poster
Bayesian Design Principles for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning	poster
Adaptive Advantage-Guided Policy Regularization for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RL	poster
RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedback	poster
Langevin Policy for Safe Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reflective Policy Optimization	poster
Iterative Preference Learning from Human Feedback: Bridging Theory and Practice for RLHF under KL-constraint	poster
Contrastive Representation for Data Filtering in Cross-Domain Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Position: Foundation Agents as the Paradigm Shift for Decision Making	poster
Principled Penalty-based Methods for Bilevel Reinforcement Learning and RLHF	poster
Do Transformer World Models Give Better Policy Gradients?	poster
Boosting Reinforcement Learning with Strongly Delayed Feedback Through Auxiliary Short Delays	poster
Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning via Function Encoders	poster
3D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Model	poster
SF-DQN: Provable Knowledge Transfer using Successor Feature for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
In-Context Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Hierarchical Chain-of-Thought	poster
Quality-Diversity Actor-Critic: Learning High-Performing and Diverse Behaviors via Value and Successor Features Critics	poster
Listwise Reward Estimation for Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Position: Scaling Simulation is Neither Necessary Nor Sufficient for In-the-Wild Robot Manipulation	poster
Hybrid Reinforcement Learning from Offline Observation Alone	poster
Is Inverse Reinforcement Learning Harder than Standard Reinforcement Learning? A Theoretical Perspective	poster
Regularized Q-learning through Robust Averaging	poster
Cross-Domain Policy Adaptation by Capturing Representation Mismatch	poster
HarmoDT: Harmony Multi-Task Decision Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Foundation Policies with Hilbert Representations	poster
Subequivariant Reinforcement Learning in 3D Multi-Entity Physical Environments	poster
LLM-Empowered State Representation for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Prompt-based Visual Alignment for Zero-shot Policy Transfer	poster
An Embodied Generalist Agent in 3D World	poster
Q-value Regularized Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Highway Value Iteration Networks	poster
Robust Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning under Model Misspecification	poster
Exploration and Anti-Exploration with Distributional Random Network Distillation	poster
Policy-conditioned Environment Models are More Generalizable	poster
Constrained Ensemble Exploration for Unsupervised Skill Discovery	poster
DiffStitch: Boosting Offline Reinforcement Learning with Diffusion-based Trajectory Stitching	poster
Rethinking Decision Transformer via Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning	poster
Learning Cognitive Maps from Transformer Representations for Efficient Planning in Partially Observed Environments	poster
HarmonyDream: Task Harmonization Inside World Models	poster
Advancing DRL Agents in Commercial Fighting Games: Training, Integration, and Agent-Human Alignment	poster
Offline Imitation from Observation via Primal Wasserstein State Occupancy Matching	poster
Fine-Grained Causal Dynamics Learning with Quantization for Improving Robustness in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Switching the Loss Reduces the Cost in Batch Reinforcement Learning	poster
Think Before You Act: Decision Transformers with Working Memory	poster

NeurIPS24

Paper	Type
Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning of Diffusion Models with Energy-Based Models	oral
Improving Environment Novelty Quantification for Effective Unsupervised Environment Design	oral
RL-GPT: Integrating Reinforcement Learning and Code-as-policy	oral
Optimizing Automatic Differentiation with Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Bigger, Regularized, Optimistic: scaling for compute and sample efficient continuous control	spotlight
Can Learned Optimization Make Reinforcement Learning Less Difficult?	spotlight
Goal Reduction with Loop-Removal Accelerates RL and Models Human Brain Activity in Goal-Directed Learning	spotlight
BricksRL: A Platform for Democratizing Robotics and Reinforcement Learning Research and Education with LEGO	spotlight
Humanoid Locomotion as Next Token Prediction	spotlight
Personalizing Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with Variational Preference Learning	spotlight
Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Models Are Versatile Representation Learners for Control	spotlight
A Study of Plasticity Loss in On-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Diffusion for World Modeling: Visual Details Matter in Atari	spotlight
Exclusively Penalized Q-learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DiffTORI: Differentiable Trajectory Optimization for Deep Reinforcement and Imitation Learning	spotlight
Variational Delayed Policy Optimization	spotlight
Rethinking Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Effective Metric-Based Exploration Bonus	spotlight
Towards an Information Theoretic Framework of Context-Based Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Reinforcement Learning Gradients as Vitamin for Online Finetuning Decision Transformers	spotlight
The Value of Reward Lookahead in Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
PEAC: Unsupervised Pre-training for Cross-Embodiment Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reward Machines for Deep RL in Noisy and Uncertain Environments	poster
Provable Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning with Privileged Information	poster
Artificial Generational Intelligence: Cultural Accumulation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Reward	poster
Subwords as Skills: Tokenization for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model-based Diffusion for Trajectory Optimization	poster
Operator World Models for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Foundations of Multivariate Distributional Reinforcement Learning	poster
Imitating Language via Scalable Inverse Reinforcement Learning	poster
Beyond Optimism: Exploration With Partially Observable Rewards	poster
SleeperNets: Universal Backdoor Poisoning Attacks Against Reinforcement Learning Agents	poster
Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigation	poster
Exploring the Edges of Latent State Clusters for Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning	poster
Off-Dynamics Reinforcement Learning via Domain Adaptation and Reward Augmented Imitation	poster
Constrained Latent Action Policies for Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Unpacking DPO and PPO: Disentangling Best Practices for Learning from Preference Feedback	poster
Rethinking Inverse Reinforcement Learning: from Data Alignment to Task Alignment	poster
Normalization and effective learning rates in reinforcement learning	poster
ReST-MCTS*: LLM Self-Training via Process Reward Guided Tree Search	poster
Deep Policy Gradient Methods Without Batch Updates, Target Networks, or Replay Buffers	poster
Text-Aware Diffusion for Policy Learning	poster
A Tractable Inference Perspective of Offline RL	poster
Reinforcing LLM Agents via Policy Optimization with Action Decomposition	poster
Parseval Regularization for Continual Reinforcement Learning	poster
The Surprising Ineffectiveness of Pre-Trained Visual Representations for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning	poster
Speculative Monte-Carlo Tree Search	poster
Safety through feedback in Constrained RL	poster
Test Where Decisions Matter: Importance-driven Testing for Deep Reinforcement Learning	poster
Skill-aware Mutual Information Optimisation for Zero-shot Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning	poster
Entropy-regularized Diffusion Policy with Q-Ensembles for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
An Analytical Study of Utility Functions in Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning	poster
Diffusion-DICE: In-Sample Diffusion Guidance for Offline Reinforcement Learning	poster
Efficient Recurrent Off-Policy RL Requires a Context-Encoder-Specific Learning Rate	poster
Uncertainty-based Offline Variational Bayesian Reinforcement Learning for Robustness under Diverse Data Corruptions	poster
Any2Policy: Learning Visuomotor Policy with Any-Modality	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive Regularization for Safe Control of Critical Systems	poster
Adam on Local Time: Addressing Nonstationarity in RL with Relative Adam Timesteps	poster
ROIDICE: Offline Return on Investment Maximization for Efficient Decision Making	poster
Prediction with Action: Visual Policy Learning via Joint Denoising Process	poster
Aligning Diffusion Behaviors with Q-functions for Efficient Continuous Control	poster

ICLR25

Paper	Type
RM-Bench: Benchmarking Reward Models of Language Models with Subtlety and Style	oral
Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidance	oral
Learning to Search from Demonstration Sequences	oral
Spread Preference Annotation: Direct Preference Judgment for Efficient LLM Alignment	oral
Interpreting Emergent Planning in Model-Free Reinforcement Learning	oral
Kinetix: Investigating the Training of General Agents through Open-Ended Physics-Based Control Tasks	oral
OptionZero: Planning with Learned Options	oral
Predictive Inverse Dynamics Models are Scalable Learners for Robotic Manipulation	oral
Data Scaling Laws in Imitation Learning for Robotic Manipulation	oral
More RLHF, More Trust? On The Impact of Preference Alignment On Trustworthiness	oral
Geometry-aware RL for Manipulation of Varying Shapes and Deformable Objects	oral
DeepLTL: Learning to Efficiently Satisfy Complex LTL Specifications for Multi-Task RL	oral
Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learning	oral
Prioritized Generative Replay	oral
Flat Reward in Policy Parameter Space Implies Robust Reinforcement Learning	oral
Open-World Reinforcement Learning over Long Short-Term Imagination	oral
Online Preference Alignment for Language Models via Count-based Exploration	spotlight
Joint Reward and Policy Learning with Demonstrations and Human Feedback Improves Alignment	spotlight
Correlated Proxies: A New Definition and Improved Mitigation for Reward Hacking	spotlight
Online Reinforcement Learning in Non-Stationary Context-Driven Environments	spotlight
DataEnvGym: Data Generation Agents in Teacher Environments with Student Feedback	spotlight
Correcting the Mythos of KL-Regularization: Direct Alignment without Overoptimization via Chi-Squared Preference Optimization	spotlight
TOP-ERL: Transformer-based Off-Policy Episodic Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
VisualPredicator: Learning Abstract World Models with Neuro-Symbolic Predicates for Robot Planning	spotlight
Multi-Robot Motion Planning with Diffusion Models	spotlight
Simplifying Deep Temporal Difference Learning	spotlight
ODE-based Smoothing Neural Network for Reinforcement Learning Tasks	spotlight
MAD-TD: Model-Augmented Data stabilizes High Update Ratio RL	spotlight
Stabilizing Reinforcement Learning in Differentiable Multiphysics Simulation	spotlight
Don't flatten, tokenize! Unlocking the key to SoftMoE's efficacy in deep RL	spotlight
Learning Transformer-based World Models with Contrastive Predictive Coding	spotlight
Towards General-Purpose Model-Free Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Rethinking Reward Model Evaluation: Are We Barking up the Wrong Tree?	spotlight
Accelerating Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning Algorithms and Research	spotlight
SimBa: Simplicity Bias for Scaling Up Parameters in Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Test-time Alignment of Diffusion Models without Reward Over-optimization	spotlight
Mitigating Information Loss in Tree-Based Reinforcement Learning via Direct Optimization	spotlight
What Makes a Good Diffusion Planner for Decision Making?	spotlight
ADAM: An Embodied Causal Agent in Open-World Environments	poster
How to Evaluate Reward Models for RLHF	poster
SafeDiffuser: Safe Planning with Diffusion Probabilistic Models	poster
Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline Data	poster
Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Large Language Model Priors	poster
Langevin Soft Actor-Critic: Efficient Exploration through Uncertainty-Driven Critic Learning	poster
Efficient Policy Evaluation with Safety Constraint for Reinforcement Learning	poster
Model Editing as a Robust and Denoised variant of DPO: A Case Study on Toxicity	poster
Safety-Prioritizing Curricula for Constrained Reinforcement Learning	poster
Neural Stochastic Differential Equations for Uncertainty-Aware Offline RL	poster
MaxInfoRL: Boosting exploration in reinforcement learning through information gain maximization	poster
SEMDICE: Off-policy State Entropy Maximization via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation	poster
Strategist: Self-improvement of LLM Decision Making via Bi-Level Tree Search	poster

ICML25

Paper	Type
EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agents	oral
Network Sparsity Unlocks the Scaling Potential of Deep Reinforcement Learning	oral
Multi-Turn Code Generation Through Single-Step Rewards	spotlight
Policy-labeled Preference Learning: Is Preference Enough for RLHF?	spotlight
Monte Carlo Tree Diffusion for System 2 Planning	spotlight
RLEF: Grounding Code LLMs in Execution Feedback with Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Decision Making under the Exponential Family: Distributionally Robust Optimisation with Bayesian Ambiguity Sets	spotlight
Hyperspherical Normalization for Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
The Synergy of LLMs & RL Unlocks Offline Learning of Generalizable Language-Conditioned Policies with Low-fidelity Data	spotlight
Penalizing Infeasible Actions and Reward Scaling in Reinforcement Learning with Offline Data	spotlight
A Unified Theoretical Analysis of Private and Robust Offline Alignment: from RLHF to DPO	spotlight
Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representations	spotlight
Continual Reinforcement Learning by Planning with Online World Models	spotlight
Policy Regularization on Globally Accessible States in Cross-Dynamics Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Latent Diffusion Planning for Imitation Learning	spotlight
Novelty Detection in Reinforcement Learning with World Models	spotlight
DPO Meets PPO: Reinforced Token Optimization for RLHF	spotlight

NeurIPS25

Paper	Type
State Entropy Regularization for Robust Reinforcement Learning	oral
PRIMT: Preference-based Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal Feedback and Trajectory Synthesis from Foundation Models	oral
A Clean Slate for Offline Reinforcement Learning	oral
1000 Layer Networks for Self-Supervised RL: Scaling Depth Can Enable New Goal-Reaching Capabilities	oral
QoQ-Med: Building Multimodal Clinical Foundation Models with Domain-Aware GRPO Training	oral
Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?	oral
AceSearcher: Bootstrapping Reasoning and Search for LLMs via Reinforced Self-Play	spotlight
Pass@K Policy Optimization: Solving Harder Reinforcement Learning Problems	spotlight
Forecasting in Offline Reinforcement Learning for Non-stationary Environments	spotlight
Counteractive RL: Rethinking Core Principles for Efficient and Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Reverse Engineering Human Preferences with Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
SafeVLA: Towards Safety Alignment of Vision-Language-Action Model via Constrained Learning	spotlight
d1: Scaling Reasoning in Diffusion Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
SoFar: Language-Grounded Orientation Bridges Spatial Reasoning and Object Manipulation	spotlight
Memo: Training Memory-Efficient Embodied Agents with Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DeepDiver: Adaptive Web-Search Intensity Scaling via Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
DenseDPO: Fine-Grained Temporal Preference Optimization for Video Diffusion Models	spotlight
Composite Flow Matching for Reinforcement Learning with Shifted-Dynamics Data	spotlight
Reinforcement Learning with Imperfect Transition Predictions: A Bellman-Jensen Approach	spotlight
Stable Gradients for Stable Learning at Scale in Deep Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
AlphaZero Neural Scaling and Zipf's Law: a Tale of Board Games and Power Laws	spotlight
DAPO : Improving Multi-Step Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models with Direct Advantage-Based Policy Optimization	spotlight
VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
CURE: Co-Evolving Coders and Unit Testers via Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
To Distill or Decide? Understanding the Algorithmic Trade-off in Partially Observable RL	spotlight
Adaptive Neighborhood-Constrained Q Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
To Think or Not To Think: A Study of Thinking in Rule-Based Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuning	spotlight
DexGarmentLab: Dexterous Garment Manipulation Environment with Generalizable Policy	spotlight
Q-Insight: Understanding Image Quality via Visual Reinforcement Learning	spotlight
Novel Exploration via Orthogonality	poster
Router-R1: Teaching LLMs Multi-Round Routing and Aggregation via Reinforcement Learning	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Backtracking Feedback	poster
Safe RLHF-V: Safe Reinforcement Learning from Multi-modal Human Feedback	poster
World-aware Planning Narratives Enhance Large Vision-Language Model Planner	poster
STAR: Efficient Preference-based Reinforcement Learning via Dual Regularization	poster
FairDICE: Fairness-Driven Offline Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning	poster
Robot-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Embodied Reasoning in Robotics	poster
On Evaluating Policies for Robust POMDPs	poster
Periodic Skill Discovery	poster
Reinforcement Learning with Action Chunking	poster
ReSearch: Learning to Reason with Search for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning	poster
UFO-RL: Uncertainty-Focused Optimization for Efficient Reinforcement Learning Data Selection	poster
Segment Policy Optimization: Effective Segment-Level Credit Assignment in RL for Large Language Models	poster
DISCOVER: Automated Curricula for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learning	poster
EnerVerse: Envisioning Embodied Future Space for Robotics Manipulation	poster
Dynamics-Aligned Latent Imagination in Contextual World Models for Zero-Shot Generalization	poster
Off-policy Reinforcement Learning with Model-based Exploration Augmentation	poster
IOSTOM: Offline Imitation Learning from Observations via State Transition Occupancy Matching	poster
Tree-Guided Diffusion Planner	poster
Real-Time Execution of Action Chunking Flow Policies	poster
Prompted Policy Search: Reinforcement Learning through Linguistic and Numerical Reasoning in LLMs	poster
Behavior Injection: Preparing Language Models for Reinforcement Learning	poster
ExPO: Unlocking Hard Reasoning with Self-Explanation-Guided Reinforcement Learning	poster
Coarse-to-fine Q-Network with Action Sequence for Data-Efficient Reinforcement Learning	poster
Consistently Simulating Human Personas with Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning	poster
Deep RL Needs Deep Behavior Analysis: Exploring Implicit Planning by Model-Free Agents in Open-Ended Environments	poster

ICLR26

Paper	Type
Exploratory Diffusion Model for Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning	oral
Enhancing Generative Auto-bidding with Offline Reward Evaluation and Policy Search	oral
Why DPO is a Misspecified Estimator and How to Fix It	oral
SafeDPO: A Simple Approach to Direct Preference Optimization with Enhanced Safety	oral
Compositional Diffusion with Guided search for Long-Horizon Planning	oral
LoongRL: Reinforcement Learning for Advanced Reasoning over Long Contexts	oral
GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning	oral
Reasoning without Training: Your Base Model is Smarter Than You Think	oral
Rodrigues Network for Learning Robot Actions	oral
Mean Flow Policy with Instantaneous Velocity Constraint for One-step Action Generation	oral
TD-JEPA: Latent-predictive Representations for Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning	oral
WoW!: World Models in a Closed-Loop World	oral
DiffusionNFT: Online Diffusion Reinforcement with Forward Process	oral
Mastering Sparse CUDA Generation through Pretrained Models and Deep Reinforcement Learning	oral
LongWriter-Zero: Mastering Ultra-Long Text Generation via Reinforcement Learning	oral
MomaGraph: State-Aware Unified Scene Graphs with Vision-Language Models for Embodied Task Planning	oral

Reinforcement Learning Papers

Contents

Model Free (Online) RL

Classic Methods

Exploration

Representation Learning

Unsupervised Learning

Current methods

Model Based (Online) RL

Classic Methods

World Models

CodeBase

(Model Free) Offline RL

Current Methods

Combined with Diffusion Models

Model Based Offline RL

Meta RL

Adversarial RL

Genaralisation in RL

Environments

Methods

RL with Transformer

Tutorial and Lesson

ICLR22

ICML22

NeurIPS22

ICLR23

ICML23

NeurIPS23

ICLR24

ICML24

NeurIPS24

ICLR25

ICML25

NeurIPS25

ICLR26

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